黑龙江省村镇建设发展战略的研究

本文从认识村镇建设现状和发展经济与建设的辩证关系入手,把城乡视为一个相互依存、彼此协调的经济、社会体系的思想来研究黑龙江省村镇建设发展战略。本文为黑龙江省的村镇建设(不论在总体布局、或具体目标等方面)指出了明确的发展方向。文章指出:到本世纪末,本省将初步建立起城乡协调发展的城、镇、村完整体系;乡村经济进一步向农工商综合发展;乡村剩余劳力将得到合理转移;乡村人口得到适度集中;村镇建设面貌大为改观;乡村城镇化程度将有明显的提高。     

基于渭河下游DEM的洪水淹没分析与模拟

基于数字高程模型的栅格结构，以渭河下游洪水淹没数据为基础，依据无源淹没和有源淹没的原理，并结合ERDAS8．5的虚拟GIS模块实现了无源淹没的三维可视化模拟。初步演示了洪水泛滥时的动态淹没过程，促使相关部门高度重视治洪工作。并给政府制定防洪、治洪措施提供了理论依据，从而为进一步开展治洪工作开拓了更广阔的前景。     

施肥对设施土壤及作物生育的影响研究进展

该文综述了施肥措施对设施土壤及作物品质、产量的影响，指出有机肥与无机肥合理配施对土壤的可持续性利用的重要性，而过量施肥(有机肥或化肥)或偏施氮肥均导致土壤、植物养分平衡失调，作物产量和品质下降。     

施硒对暗棕壤硒状况和森林蔬菜硒积累的影响

以培育富硒森林蔬菜为目标,在暗棕壤上进行了荚果蕨、小叶芹、小根蒜、婆婆丁等4种山野菜施硒试验。硒肥种类为亚硒酸钠,施硒量为0.10~10.00mg kg-1,直接施肥范围为0~15cm表土。经过一个完整的生长周期(1a)后测定土壤和植物硒指标。结果表明,典型暗棕壤对外源亚硒酸钠态硒具有较强吸收与保持能力,从低剂量至高剂量施入的硒有90%~70%以上仍保留在原施硒土层内;其中H2O可溶态硒占全硒的6.03%~3.78%,KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒占全硒的19.36%~37.54%,而且土壤全硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效态硒及H2O可溶态硒皆与最初的施硒量呈线性正相关。在土施强化供硒条件下,4种山野菜均能高量富集硒,其含硒量为对照的1.7~158.9倍;不同植物的富硒能力有差异,它们在递增施硒情况下高量富集硒的变化模式也各有特点。总体来看,山野菜含硒量与施硒量之间为非线性正相关关系,但在一定的较低施硒量范围内这种关系则是线性的,线性范围因植物而异;土壤的可溶态硒、KH2PO4浸提的有效硒甚至全硒等指标与山野菜含硒量之间亦均呈明显的非线性正相关,且施硒量较低时其关系亦表现为线性。初步得出,典型暗棕壤控制施硒是在近自然条件下培育富硒森林蔬菜并获取高富硒生物资源的有效途径;不过,强烈搅动的砂砾质暗棕壤却不利于硒肥保持和植物吸收,不适于富硒森林蔬菜栽培。     

基于PC-RELM的养殖水体溶解氧数据流预测模型

养殖水体中溶解氧浓度一直是最重要的水质参数之一。为了精准地对水体溶解氧进行调控，提高养殖生产效率，降低养殖风险，该研究考虑外部天气条件对溶解氧的影响以及溶解氧自身的昼夜变化特征，提出一种基于正则化极限学习机（principal component analysis and clustering method optimized regularized extreme learning machine,PC-RELM）的养殖水体溶解氧数据流预测模型。首先，采用主成分分析法判断影响溶解氧浓度的强重要性因子，降低预测模型的数据维度；其次，利用熵权法计算各时刻点的天气环境指数，并利用快速动态时间规整算法（fast dynamic time warping,FastDTW）完成时间序列数据流在不同天气环境下的相似度度量；然后使用k-means算法对时间序列的相似度进行聚类分簇，并基于分簇结果完成正则化极限学习机预测模型的构建，实现溶解氧浓度的估算。最后将PC-RELM模型应用到无锡南泉试验基地养殖池塘的溶解氧预测调控过程中。试验结果表明：PC-RELM的预测均方根误差值（root mean sq...     

Anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in selected white and red wines. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity comparison with nontraditional wines obtained from highbush blueberry

Antioxidant capacity, as measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC(PE)), total phenolic, total and individual anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidin fraction contents were evaluated in red and white wines from grapes. A comparison in terms of antioxidant capacity is made with nontraditional wines made from highbush blueberry. Blueberries are among fruits that are best recognized for their potential health benefits. In red wines, total oligomeric proanthocyanidin content, including catechins, was substantially higher (177.18 +/- 96.06 mg/L) than that in white wines (8.75 +/- 4.53 mg/L). A relative high correlation in red wines was found between ORAC(PE) values and malvidin compounds (r = 0.75, P < 0.10), and proanthocyanidins (r = 0.87, P < 0.05). In white wines, a significant correlation was found between the trimeric proanthocyanidin fraction and peroxyl radical scavenging values (r = 0.86, P < 0.10). A moderate drink (1 drink per day, about 140 mL) of red wine, or white wine, or wine made from highbush blueberry corresponds to an intake of 2.04 +/- 0.81 mmol of TE, 0.47 +/- 0.15 mmol of TE, and 2.42 +/- 0.88 mmol of TE of ORAC(PE)/day, respectively.     

Growth, carbon dioxide exchange and mineral accumulation in potatoes grown at different magnesium concentrations

Plants of Norland potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) were maintained for 42 days at Mg concentrations of 0.05, 0.125, 0.25, 1, 2, and 4 mM in a nonrecirculating nutrient film system under controlled environment. With the increased Mg supply from 0.05 to 4 mM, Mg concentrations in the leaves of the 42-day old plants increased significantly from 1.1 to 11.2 mg g-1 dry weight. Plant leaf area and plant and tuber dry weights increased with increased Mg concentrations up to 1 mM in solution or 6.7 mg g-1 in leaves, and then decreased with further increases in Mg concentrations. Rates of CO2 assimilation measured on leaflets in situ at ambient and various intercellular CO2 concentrations were consistently lower at 0.05 and 4 mM Mg than at other Mg treatments, which may indicate decreased photosynthetic activity in mesophyll tissues at the lowest and highest Mg concentrations. Dark respiration rates in leaves were highest at 0.05 and 4 mM Mg, lowest at 0.25 and 1 mM Mg, and intermediate at 0.125 and 2 mM Mg. The different Mg treatments also influenced accumulation of other minerals in leaves. Leaf concentrations of Ca and Mn decreased with increased Mg supply except that Ca and Mn were lower at 0.05 mM than at 0.125 mM Mg. Leaf K concentrations were lower at 1, 2 and 4 mM Mg than at other Mg treatments. Foliar concentrations of P, Fe, Zn, and Cu had small but inconsistent variation with different Mg concentrations. Leaf concentrations of N, S, and B were similar at different Mg concentrations. This study demonstrates that various Mg nutrition, along with altered accumulation of other nutrients, could regulate dry matter production in potatoes by affecting not only leaf area but also leaf carbon dioxide assimilation and respiration.     

Study of various NH4+/NO3- mixtures for enhancing growth of potatoes

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages on growth and mineral concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants using a non-recirculating nutrient film system in a controlled environment. The first experiment included six NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages at 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 80/20, and 100/0 with the same total N concentration of 4 mM. The second experiment included six NH4(+)-N/NO3(-)-N percentages at 0/100, 4/96, 8/92, 12/88, 16/84, and 20/80 again with the same total N of 4 mM. In each experiment, plants were harvested 35 days after transplanting when tubers had been initiated and started to enlarge. Dry weights of shoots, tubers, and whole plant at the harvest were increased significantly with all mixed nitrogen treatments as compared with single NH4+ or NO3- form. The enhanced growth with mixed nitrogen was greatest at 8% to 20% NH4(+)-N. Also, the concentrations and accumulation of total N in the shoots and roots were greater with mixed nitrogen than with separate NH4+ or NO3- nutrition. With NH4+ present in the solutions, the concentrations of P and Cl in the shoots were increased compared to NO3- alone, whereas the tissue concentrations of Ca and Mg were decreased. It was concluded that nitrogen fertilization provided with combined NH4+ and NO3- forms, even at small proportions of NH4+, can enhance nitrogen uptake and productivity in potato plants.     

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点及在蛋鸡饲料中的应用试验

FH生物活性饲料酵母的营养特点是(1)可消化蛋白含量高,各种必需的氨基酸丰富平衡;(2)含有较为丰富的B族维生素和多种消化酶,由于采用的烘干温度较低,表现出较好的生物活性;(3)含有能够在动物体内促进酶活性的微量元素。饲养试验中,以FH生物活性饲料酵母与目前国内推广的几种蛋白源组合成五组饲料,将蛋鸡分五组进行对比试验。试验结果表明:FH组的产蛋率、产蛋量、饲料报酬及经济效益均高于对照组,是一种较为理想的蛋白源和生物添加剂。     

再生水滴灌灌水器附生生物膜生长对堵塞的影响

再生水滴灌灌水器堵塞与其内部附生生物膜的形成和生长密切相关,但是生物膜的生长过程对灌水器堵塞加深的影响机制至今还罕有报道。基于此,该文测试了系统累积运行540 h后7种不同堵塞程度灌水器出流及附生生物膜关键组分,并分析灌水器堵塞加深对生物膜组分增长的敏感性。结果表明:灌水器堵塞程度随着附生生物膜组分的增长而加深,两者存在显著的"S型曲线"相关关系(R20.92),呈现出"敏感-微敏感-极度敏感"变化趋势。生物膜固体颗粒物和磷脂脂肪酸含量变化可以极好地刻画这种敏感性的变化过程,说明水源颗粒物和微生物同时是再生水滴灌灌水器堵塞的关键诱发因素。该文的研究可为揭示再生水滴灌灌水器堵塞诱发机理及其推广提供理论依据。