子宫萎缩及荷斯坦母牛繁殖力与产后早期PGF2α处理急性子宫炎

本研究的目的在于通过对子宫萎缩、产后12 d急性期血浆蛋白质浓度以及患有急性子宫炎的荷斯坦母牛繁殖力的检测,评估PGF2α2倍剂量操作方法的效果.在本研究中,只有诊断为胎衣不下、子宫炎并用药处理5 d后的母牛才被作为研究对象.200头母牛被随机分配到处理组(n=100)和对照组(n=100).处理组统一在产后第8 d间隔8 h注射2i.m.剂量的PGF2α.从200头母牛中随机抽取90头样本(处理组45头,对照组45头)进行检测评估,包括用超声波扫描仪估计子宫直径、子宫评分以及对产后12 d急性期蛋白的血清浓度.对于所有的母牛,第一次交配的妊娠率差别明显.经产的、初产的、处理的母牛相对于对照组母牛子宫直径较小、子宫评分较低.产后子宫直径小于5.1 cm的母牛相对于那些子宫角直径大的母牛具有5.5倍的初配妊娠可能性.处理组显著降低了血清中α1-酸糖蛋白的含量.初产母牛中,处理母牛的初配妊娠率提高了17%.因此,对患有急性产后子宫炎的初产母牛在产后第8 d进行间隔8 h的PGF2α 2倍剂量处理,能减少子宫角直径与产后12 d的血清中α1-酸糖蛋白含量,并提高初产妊娠率.     

夏季热应激对养猪生产的影响及防制措施

猪在夏季高温环境下势必产生热应激而导致生产力的下降，给养猪生产造成严重损失。因此，广大养猪生产者有必要了解猪的热应激规律、热环境对猪生产力的影响和缓解热应激影响的调控技术，以利于生产实践。     

"大红袍"猝死猪的检疫及处理

四川省某监狱五大队食堂饲养了100kg左右重的肥猪15头，生长正常。2004年12月6日早上发现有2头猪死亡，5头猪精神沉郁。不久，又有2头猪倒地死亡。接着其余肥猪相继发病、绝食。当晚和第二天又陆续死亡7头．剩下的4头病猪病情还在恶化。此时．监狱大队长来我校请求帮助检查治疗。     

免疫注射过程中出现疫苗过敏反应及处理

1过敏反应发生的机理 过敏反应属于一种变态反应．主要是因抗原、抗体相互作用而引起。各种疫苗中均含有抗原物质．它可刺激机体产生IgE。IgE是一种亲细胞性的过敏性抗体．由于它的存在可使机体处于致敏状态．处于这一状态的动物．如果再次接触致敏原时可使致敏的同种组织细胞产生变态反应．机体内可迅速释放出生物活性物质，如乙酰胆碱、5-羟色胺、组胺、前列腺素、心抑制因子等。     

盾负泥虫控制鸭跖草效果及其取食行为的初步探讨

本文研究盾负泥虫对鸭跖草的控制作用、取食行为和鸭跖草的组织结构。在６ｍ３的笼罩内栽３０株鸭跖草，以２０对盾负泥虫取食，控制率可达９５％以上。盾负泥虫只大量取食鸭跖草的幼茎、嫩叶，对其老茎、老叶、花和果实不取食。认为是由于鸭跖草的幼茎、嫩叶中有较多的粘液细胞、草酸钙针晶束和糖分，而老茎、老叶的粘液细胞已失去分泌功能，草酸钙针晶束和糖量显著减少。花和果实中未发现有粘液细胞，只有少数草酸钙针晶细胞     

Effect of puerperal mastitis in primiparous cows on milk production, cell count and culling

A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate the effect of clinical mastitis in heifers during the first week post partum (p.p.) on subsequent health and productivity. Primiparous cows that had calved between August 15th, 1996 and August 14th, 1997 (n = 1389) were included in the study. Milk samples were collected from each quarter post partum prior to first milking. The predominant group of bacteria found were Staphylococcus spp. (69%) followed by Streptococcus spp.(12%) and E. coli (5%). Intramammary infections at calving increased the risk of clinical mastitis within the first week p.p. The cow incidence of mastitis until day 7 p. p. was 38%. Cows were classified into three groups. Group 1: Animals with clinical mastitis prior to calving (n = 35); Group 2: Animals with clinical mastitis between calving and 7 days p. p. (n = 503); Group 3: Animals without mastitis until 7 days p. p. (n = 851). Mastitis prior to parturition and mastitis within the first week p.p. increased the risk of further cases of mastitis and culling during the first 45 days of lactation. Milk yield of Group 2 was lower and somatic cell counts were higher than in Group 3.     

Identification of aesculin-hydrolyzing streptococci, lactococci, aerococci and enterococci from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows

Aesculin-hydrolyzing, catalase-negative, gram-positive cocci isolated from subclinical intramammary infections in dairy cows were identified to species level using growth characteristics and biochemical activity. The results indicated that the aesculin-hydrolyzing cocci associated with this type of infection are a very heterogenic group. S. uberis strains, including inulin- or beta-glucuronidase-negative isolates, accounted for only about one-third of the collection, and Enterococcus faecalis strains for one-fifth. Other species of some importance included (in descending order of isolation frequency) Aerococcus viridans, Streptococcus pluranimalium, Lactococcus garvieae, Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus gallolyticus.     

Tarsometatarsal subluxation in dogs: partial arthrodesis by plate fixation

In a retrospective study of tarsometatarsal joint subluxation in eight dogs, secondary fractures were identified in six dogs, particularly of the fourth tarsal bone and the proximal fifth metatarsal bone. Common causes of tarsometatarsal joint injury included jumping or falling and direct trauma to the foot. Partial tarsal arthrodesis, with the use of bone-plate stabilization and cancellous bone grafting of joint spaces after removal of articular cartilage, led to progressive bone healing in all dogs. Implant breakage did not occur in any dog.     

Epidemiology of feline leukaemia and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in the Czech Republic

Commercial serological sets were used for the examination of 727 cats kept in larger towns of the Czech Republic. FeLV antigen and antibodies to FIV were demonstrated in 96 (13.2%) and 42 (5.8%) of the animals, respectively. Seven (0.96%) animals were positive for both FeLV and FIV. Most of the FeLV and/or FIV positive patients were intact rambling males aged 1-4 years. Chronic gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases were found in 54.2% and 43.8% of the FeLV-positive patients, respectively. Chronic urinary tract diseases and generalized lymphadenopathy were found in 47.6% and 45.2% of the FIV-positive patients, respectively. The results of this first survey in the Czech Republic have shown prevalence values and clinical patterns similar to those reported formerly from other European countries.     

A Generalized Two-Dimensional Gaussian Model of Disease Foci of Head Blight of Wheat Caused by Gibberella zeae

ABSTRACT A generalized two-dimensional Gaussian model is proposed to describe disease foci of head blight of wheat in plots (100 to 2,500 m(2)) originating from small areas (1 to 16 m(2)) inoculated with Gibberella zeae-colonized corn kernels. These anisotropic, asymmetrical foci arose from ascospores produced in perithecia. The model is Z = exp[-(AX(2) + BY(2) + CXY + DX + EY + F)], in which Z = the incidence of seed or spikelet infection at point (X,Y) located in the plot, exp = the exponential function, X = the abscissa or spatial coordinate of the point along a given axis (approximately parallel to the average wind vector during the period of spore release in these experiments), Y = the ordinate or spatial coordinate of the point along the axis perpendicular to the X axis (approximately perpendicular to the wind direction in these experiments), A and B = the quadratic coefficients of the second-order polynomial AX(2) + BY(2) + CXY + DX + EY + F, C = the bilinear coefficient, D and E = the linear coefficients, and exp(-F) = the incidence of seed or spikelet infection at the focus peak in which X = 0 and Y = 0. The generalized two-dimensional Gaussian model was tested on data from a circular or isotropic focus, an elliptical or anisotropic focus with two axes of symmetry, and two anisotropic foci with one and zero axis of symmetry. Its goodness-of-fit (r(2) and adjusted r(2)) was compared with the inverse power, modified inverse power, exponential, and classical Gaussian models. Submodels using only the linear terms, only the quadratic terms, or combinations selected from stepwise regression procedures using various probabilities to enter and to stay and a procedure maximizing the adjusted r (2) were also considered. Spatial analysis of the residuals was performed using Geary's c coefficient at the first distance class. For the circular and elliptical foci, our model provided a fit similar to the modified inverse power and exponential models. However, for anisotropic foci with one or zero axis of symmetry arising from ascospores influenced by wind direction, the generalized two-dimensional Gaussian model provided a better fit. For these anisotropic foci, the linear term X but not the quadratic term X(2) was generally retained in the model, indicating an exponential gradient in the direction parallel to the wind. In all models, the quadratic term Y(2) was retained, along with Y in some cases, indicating that the gradient in the direction roughly perpendicular to the wind was Gaussian or Gaussian-exponential in shape. The bilinear term XY provided an indication of the orientation of the focus in relation to the axes of the sampling grid. This model has the versatility and parameters (quadratic, bilinear, and linear) to better describe the anisotropy of foci from wind-dispersed spores.