Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

Cybrid/hybrid plants regenerated from somatic fusions between male sterile Satsuma mandarin and seedy tangelos

Somatic hybridization provides an alternative for transferring mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Herein, symmetric protoplast electrofusion was conducted between embryogenic callus protoplasts of Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a CMS cultivar, and mesophyll-derived protoplasts of seedy ‘Page’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)] or ‘Nova’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)], to transfer CMS trait. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 14 plants recovered from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo that displayed typical morphological character of ‘Page’ were diploid, and 6 plants regenerated from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were tetraploid. Genetic compositions of regenerated plants from the two fusions were determined by SSR, CAPS and chloroplast-SSR analysis. Cybrid nature of diploids from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo with nuclear DNA from ‘Page’, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the G1 and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) derived from either parent was confirmed. Tetraploid plants from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were identified as somatic hybrids with random cpDNA inheritance. The regenerated cybrid and hybrid plants hold great potential for Citrus seedless breeding at diploid or triploid levels.     

葡萄砧木的抗旱性鉴定与研究

采用盆栽方法,对16个葡萄砧木品种(系)资源进行了抗旱性鉴定,并研究了干旱胁迫下葡萄砧木的生理变化规律,探讨了葡萄砧木的抗旱性机制,初步评价了抗旱性鉴定的指标和方法。结果表明:葡萄砧木品种(系)间抗旱性存在差异,16个砧木品种(系)被划分为4个抗旱等级;随着干旱胁迫时间延长,葡萄砧木生理代谢减弱(脯氨酸、可溶性糖、叶绿素等),并且抗旱性强的砧木生理代谢水平普遍高于抗旱性弱的砧木;可以把叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、丙二醛作为鉴定抗旱性大小评价的主要指标。     

杏SSR反应体系的优化研究

研究了杏SSR-PCR反应体系的主要成分对扩增结果的影响,并进行了体系验证.优化后的反应体系为:总体积20 μL,1×buffer、2.0 mM/L Mg2+、0.25 mM/L dNTP、0.20 μM/L Primer、60 ng/20μL模板DNA和0.05 U/μL Taq酶.利用32个杏品种验证此反应体系,6%的变性聚丙稀酰胺凝胶电泳检测结果显示,扩增产物在184～267 bp之间,不同品种间DNA谱带具有多态性, 且反应体系的稳定性和可重复性好.     

半胱胺在水产动物中的应用

随着人们对动物产品安全性的关注,过去广泛使用的促生长剂,尤其是抗生素类以及化学合成药物类不断受到质疑。半胱胺作为一种调控神经内分泌系统生长抑素的抑制剂,成为新型促生长剂类的研究热点。     

关于提高大鲵Megalobatrachus davidianus(Blancgard)稚鲵养殖成活率技术的探讨

大鲵俗称娃娃鱼,为我国特有的大型两栖珍稀动物,既有观赏、科研价值,又有食用、药用等价值.随着大鲵自然资源的保护和人工繁殖养殖的成功,大鲵养殖热不断升温,目前,这一品种的养殖已成为我国淡水养殖中的一个"热点".大鲵稚鲵期是指刚孵化出苗到脱鳃的两年时间,稚鲵期管理不善,导致稚鲵及脱鳃变态后的幼鲵对环境适应能力差,对疾病抵抗力差,感染病害死亡,最终影响养殖成活率及经济效益.笔者通过对稚鲵养殖的实践,总结出了影响稚鲵成活率的原因,并通过技术创新,提高了稚鲵养殖的成活率达95%.     

鱼粉替代物在水生动物上的研究进展

本文就国内及近两年国外研究最广泛的鱼粉替代物在水生动物上的研究情况作一简要综述,并从生理状况、抗营养因子以及在饲料中的适宜添加量等方面综合评价几种常用蛋白源的营养价值.     

网络视频传输技术在水产病害在线诊断与咨询系统中的应用

随着网络技术的飞速发展,网络的应用越来越广泛。视频传输技术,视频流控制技术,带宽技术等新技术的应用,实现了视频和音频等连续媒体在网络中的传输。本文叙述网络视频传输技术在水产病害在线诊断与咨询系统中的应用。     

《园艺学总论》课程双语教学探讨

双语教学是当前高等教育教学改革的热点。《园艺学总论》作为园艺专业的核心课程,被南京农业大学列为双语教学试点课程。为此,结合教学实践,系统地探讨《园艺学总论》双语教学的教学目标、教材选择、教学过程以及双语教学的评价体系。     

散生指天小辣椒“满天星”的选育

满天星是以辣椒胞质雄性不育系E4A为母本,恢复系E28C为父本配制的中熟辣椒一代杂种。果实羊角形,纵径6～8cm,横径1．0-1．2cm,平均单果质量4．5g。青熟果绿色,老熟果鲜红色,辣味香浓。每667m。产鲜红椒1800～2400kg,干椒300～400kg。抗CMV和疫病,中抗TMV,适宜全国各地早春露地和保护地栽培。