基于造林再造林项目的杉木固碳成本收益分析

通过林业活动固碳已成为应对气候变化的重要措施。根据土地利用机会成本及净现值的基本原理,以中国南方集体林区典型林场为案例点,以杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata为案例树种,借鉴Benítez固碳模型和杉木生长模型,基于造林再造林项目,对浙江、福建、江西等3省的杉木固碳成本进行了分析。结果表明:考虑土地农业生产机会成本且利率为5%的情况下,杉木固碳成本江西浙江福建,江西省固碳成本最低,是3省中最适宜造林固碳的省份;3省的固碳成本对利率、木材价格都敏感。利率越低,木材价格越高,最优轮伐期越短,杉木固碳成本越低。固碳成本与利率、木材价格的变化关系为使用政策手段降低固碳成本提供了可能。     

The dual crop coefficient approach to estimate and partitioning evapotranspiration of the winter wheat–summer maize crop sequence in North China Plain

An accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ET _c) is very useful for appropriate water management; hence, an accurate and user-friendly model is needed to support related irrigation decisions. In this view, a study was developed aimed at estimating the ET _c of winter wheat–summer maize crop sequence in the North China through eddy covariance measurements, to calibrate and validate the SIMDualKc model, to estimate the basal crop coefficients (K _cb) for both crops and to partition ET _c into soil evaporation and crop transpiration. Two years of field experimentation of that crop sequence were used to calibrate and validate the SIMDualKc model and to derive K _cb using eddy covariance measurements. Various indicators have shown the goodness of fit of the model, with estimated values very close to the observed ones and estimate errors close to 0.5 mm d^?1. The initial, mid-season and end basal crop coefficients for wheat were 0.25, 1.15 and 0.30, respectively, and those for maize were 0.15, 1.15 and 0.45, thus close to those proposed in FAO56 guidelines. The soil evaporation represented near 80 % of ET _c for the initial stages of winter wheat and summer maize and decreased to only 5–6 % during the mid-season period. Evaporation during the full crop season averaged 28 % for winter wheat and 40 % for summer maize. The importance of wetting frequency and crop ground coverage in controlling soil evaporation was evidenced.     

不同切花菊品种及处理对愈伤组织诱导和分化的影响

以切花菊‘神马’‘雪山’‘雪神’‘粉贵人’‘黄金’‘优香’6个品种的不同取材部位为试材,接种于含不同类型和质量浓度激素的培养基中,并在不同的光照条件下进行培养,研究影响切花菊愈伤组织诱导和分化的主要因素.结果表明:‘粉贵人’的叶片和茎段是最佳的外植体材料;在愈伤组织诱导试验中,2,4-D的效果优于NAA,6-BA的效果优于KT;在1 200 lx的光照条件下,愈伤组织诱导率高、增殖速度快,且后期分化能力强.试验还对愈伤组织不同的结构类型进行研究,认为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型愈伤组织,无论是从结构的疏松度、增殖速度还是后期分化能力都明显高于其他类型愈伤组织.     

高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）的生态功能

高原鼠兔作为青藏高原上广泛分布的小型穴居植食性哺乳动物受到了人们的广泛关注。其植食性特点和挖掘活动对高寒草地植被、生物多样性、物质循环等方面具有重要影响,但这种影响对青藏高原草地生态系统的利弊还存在较大争议。一方面认为,高原鼠兔可提高栖息地植被的丰度;维持生态系统的多样性,为捕食者提供食物资源,也为许多其他动物提供栖息地;同时,其挖掘活动会对土壤产生扰动,增加土壤的渗透力和含水量,促进物质循环。另一方面,有学者认为,高原鼠兔会破坏植物根系和土壤结构,加快土壤的侵蚀速度,降低栖息地的植被质量,并且和家畜争夺食物资源等。过去,高原鼠兔一直被作为草原＂鼠害＂的元凶,遭到人类大规模捕杀,造成种群数量大幅降低。在高原鼠兔对生态系统作用的认识有待进一步加强的背景下,应更加谨慎地制定和实施高原鼠兔的管理工作。     

苹果SnRK2基因家族的鉴定和生物信息学分析

SnRK2（蔗糖非发酵1型相关蛋白激酶2）是植物特有的一类Ser/Thr 类蛋白激酶,参与植物体内多种信号途径的转导,在植物逆境生理过程中扮演了重要的角色。本文利用隐马可夫模型搜索和系统建树的方法,在苹果基因组中鉴定出了16个SnRK2基因家族成员,然后从系统发生、理化性质、二级结构、motif、C末端序列和EST等方面对其进行了预测和分析,并分析了苹果与拟南芥、水稻、玉米等的SnRK2基因家族之间的关系。结果表明,苹果中鉴定的基因与拟南芥、水稻、玉米所有的SnRK2蛋白一起分成了3个亚族。系统发生、motif和C末端序列分析表明,苹果SnRK2蛋白激酶家族具有较高的保守性。本研究为苹果SnRK2基因家族生物学功能的研究奠定了生物信息基础。     

New quantitative trait loci for enhancing adaptation to salinity in rice from Hasawi,a Saudi landrace into three African cultivars at the reproductive stage

Salinity is a major constraint affecting rice productivity in rainfed and irrigated agro-ecosystems. Understanding salinity effects on rice production at the reproductive stage could improve adaptation for this trait. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling adaptation to salinity may also accelerate breeding rice germplasm for environments prone to this stress. We used the salt tolerant landrace ‘Hasawi’ as a donor parent to generate three F₂ offspring (consisting each of 500 individuals) with three African cultivars (‘NERICA-L-19’, ‘Sahel 108’ and ‘BG90-2’) used as recipient parents (RP). The F₂s and F_2:3s were evaluated for grain yield and other traits in saline fields. Salinity caused reduction in all measured traits across the F₂-derived offspring, e.g. grain yield reduced between 65 and 73 %, but some offspring had twice the RP’s grain yield. QTL analysis revealed 75 QTLs for different traits in all 3 genetic backgrounds (GBs): 24 of them were common among all the 3 GBs while 31 were noted in 2 GBs, and 17 in one GB. ‘Hasawi’ contributed on average 49 % alleles to these QTLs. Two yield and yield related QTLs (qGY11 and qTN11) common in all 3 GBs were mapped on the same chromosomal segment suggesting these QTLs might be stable across different GBs. Four other QTLs were strongly associated with salinity tolerance with peak marker RM419, representing a potential candidate for MAS due to high LOD score and relatively large effect QTLs.     

香附子内生菌的分离鉴定及活性检测

摘 要：本研究从药用植物香附子中分离出4种内生菌,经初步鉴定分别归属于曲霉属（代号为XFf06.1和XFf06.2）,固氮菌属(XFb)和链霉菌属(XFa)。对这些内生菌发酵产物提取液活性进行测定,结果表明：其发酵产物均有稳定的抑菌活性,其中链霉菌XFa对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率特别强,XFf06.1菌的发酵液提取物对苹果腐烂病原菌的抑菌率高达96.3%。     

Construction of a high-density SSR marker-based linkage map of zoysiagrass (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zoysia japonica</Emphasis> Steud.)

A consensus genetic linkage map with 447 SSR markers was constructed for zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), using 86 F₁ individuals from the cross ‘Muroran 2’ × ‘Tawarayama Kita 1’. The consensus map identified 22 linkage groups and had a total length of 2,009.9 cM, with an average map density of 4.8 cM. When compared with a previous AFLP-SSR linkage map, the SSR markers from each linkage group mapped to similar positions in both maps. Eight pairs of linkage groups from the AFLP-SSR map were joined into eight new groups in the current map. This zoysiagrass consensus map contained 35 SSR markers exhibiting high homology with rice genomic sequences from known chromosomal locations. This allowed synteny to be identified between Zoysiagrass linkage groups 2, 3, 9, 19 and rice chromosomes 3, 12, 2, 7 respectively. These results provide important comparative genomics information and the new map is now available for quantitative trait locus analysis, marker-assisted selection and breeding for important traits in zoysiagrass.     

Functions of indigenous animals in paddy fields: an in situ experiment on their effects on water quality,phytoplankton, weeds,soil structure,and rice growth

Paddy and Water Environment - Paddy fields are used for growing semiaquatic rice and are also important habitats for a diversity of aquatic animals, which may be beneficial for rice production....