Identification of priority areas for controlling soil erosion

Conservation prioritization is an important consideration for planning of natural resources management, allowing decison makers to implement management strategies that are more sustainable in the long-term. However, only a current erosion status or a relative index cannot exactly identify priority area for conservation. The objective of this paper is to identify conservation priorities by a specific multicriteria evaluation method. Trends in erosion risk indicate regions of increasing erosion risk and are also chosen as one of the evaluation criteria to identify the priorities based on the instability of soil erosion in the Yongding river basin. In this paper, vegetation cover, land-use, and slope gradient are used to assess erosion risk and trends in erosion risk are obtained by comparing the results of erosion risk between 2000 and 2006. Using this information, the priority conservation areas are graded into six levels. The two highest priority levels cover the regions with severe erosion or a substantial recent increase in erosion risk (4722.56 km², or 11.82% of the study area), and are recommended as erosion control regions with appropriate conservation strategies. The middle two levels cover the regions with stable erosion status or slight change, needing only minor measures. The method presented is fast and straightforward, showing good potential for successful application in other areas.     

Age-related histological changes in the canine substantia nigra

Age-related changes in the canine substantia nigra, were examined using immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament (NF), ubiquitin, single stranded DNA (ssDNA), and alpha-synuclein (alphaSN). Brain sections from 34 necropsied dogs, ranging from 2 months to 18 years old, were used for this study. On general histological examinations, several age-related changes, including lipofuscin deposition, polyglucosan bodies, amorphous basophilic inclusions and eosinophilic crystal inclusions, were found in the aged dogs. Immunohistochemically, TH-positive neurons were located only in the substantia nigra. The number of TH-positive neurons was well preserved in all dogs examined, however, the ratio of TH-positive neurons to GFAP-positive glial cells tended to show slight decrease in aged dogs. By ssDNA immunostaining for apoptotic cells, there were no significant results in the number of ssDNA-positive neurons. The number of ubiquitin- and NF-positive swollen neurites was increased markedly in aged dogs. Ubiquitin immunostaining revealed a small number of basophilic and eosinophilic inclusions, although both types of inclusions were negative for NF. By alphaSN immunostaining, no neurons were immunoreactive and no basophilic or eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were revealed. These results indicate that in the substantia nigra of aged dogs the dopaminergic neurons are well preserved, but intracytoplasmic inclusions and ubiquitin-positive degenerative neurites are commonly found.     

水溶性氟乐灵纳米制剂对向日葵列当的毒力及田间药效

向日葵列当Orobanche cumana是一种检疫性恶性寄生杂草。本研究采用透析法制备了一种水溶性氟乐灵纳米制剂(Tf-OR-CC),评价其对向日葵列当的室内毒力和田间药效。种子发芽毒力测定结果表明:在独脚金内酯类似物GR24的诱导下,用5μg/mL Tf-OR-CC处理向日葵列当种子,7 d后表现出良好的抑制发芽活性,列当种子发芽率为28.5%,与对照相比差异显著。消解动态试验表明,Tf-OR-CC消解半衰期比48%氟乐灵乳油延长6.56 d,说明Tf-OR-CC具有一定的缓释作用。田间药效试验结果表明,滴灌施用有效成分含量为75 g/667 m~2Tf-OR-CC 45 d后,向日葵列当寄生率为32.1%,寄生强度为5.3,Tf-OR-CC制剂对向日葵列当的田间防效为36.3%。该方法可为向日葵滴灌施药技术防治向日葵列当提供科学依据。     

The application of chitosan in the control of post-harvest diseases: a review

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Many post-harvest diseases are caused by wound pathogens, and the complete control of these agents is done through the use of an agent which grows rapidly...     

政府补助对于我国农业上市公司财务绩效的影响

伴随着近年来我国经济的快速发展,以及城镇化建设的不断推进,城乡协同发展成为了当前 建设的一个重中之重。但就实际情况来看,我国农村地区始终都存在着产业类型较为单一、生产力低 下的情况,而这也导致农村地区的贫困人口较多。正是在这样的背景下,精准扶贫政策开始走进社会 公众的视野。而精准扶贫政策的出台,对于改善农村经济整体落后的情况来讲,有着重大的意义。基 于此,本文将以农村经济如今发展状况为切入点,继而围绕着其展开论述。     

High light might alleviate inhibitory effects of high temperature on growth and physiological parameters of Ulva prolifera

In order to explore the effects of high temperature (HT) and light on the physiological and biochemical aspects of macroalga Ulva prolifera, we cultured this species under two temperatures (20°C: low temperature, LT; 30°C: HT) and two light intensities (80 μmol m^?2 s^?1: low light, LL; 400 μmol m^?2 s^?1: high light, HL) for 5 days. It was found that (a) compared to 20°C, the chlorophyll a (Chl a) content was increased at 30°C under LL conditions, the relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly decreased at 30°C; (b) compared to LL treatment, HL significantly increased RGR but significantly decreased Chl a content; (c) LL‐grown U. prolifera at 30°C showed the highest photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate; however, there were no significant effects of temperature and light on the relative electron transport rate; (d) superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased by HL, but no significant effects of temperature were observed; and (e) compared to LL, HL significantly increased the soluble sugar content at 20°C, but significantly reduced at 30°C. These results showed that the inhibitory effects of HT can be offset by HL intensity.     

魁蚶增养殖状况及遗传多样性研究进展

近年来,由于国内水产业的发展及国外市场的需要,魁蚶捕捞强度随之增加,种质资源受到威胁。因此,魁蚶的增养殖势在必行,同时也成为开发海洋滩涂资源的一大亮点。本文综述了魁蚶的增养殖状况以及在魁蚶遗传多样性研究方面的进展。     

绿色木霉固体发酵产孢子的条件优化

为研究工业生产中利用廉价的原料发酵绿色木霉生产孢子的问题,以稻壳粉、麦麸及玉米粉为主要载体,对影响绿色木霉固态发酵产孢子的条件进行筛选,并通过单因素试验研究固体载体的比例、碳源、氮源、无机盐对绿色木霉固态发酵产孢子的影响。通过4因素3水平正交试验,优化出最佳培养基配方。研究发现,绿色木霉固体发酵产孢子的最佳条件为温度28℃,接种量15%,料水比1:0.70,pH值自然;最佳培养基配方为麸皮50%,稻壳粉30%,玉米粉20%,硫酸铵1%,玉米浆干粉2%、黄豆饼粉2%、碳酸钙0.5%。发酵7天,孢子量可达7.62×10 ⁹个/g,自然晾干至水分10%以下,孢子量为1.286×10 ¹⁰个/g。     

一株对番茄枯萎病有拮抗作用的枯草芽孢杆菌的ARTP诱变与筛选

旨在利用常压室温等离子体(ARTP)诱变技术获得番茄枯萎病高效拮抗突变株。以一株对番茄枯萎病有拮抗作用的枯草芽孢杆菌N为初始菌株进行诱变处理,通过检测抑菌圈进行突变株筛选,并通过盆栽实验初步研究防效。通过拮抗带筛选以及抑菌圈复筛选出5株正突变菌株,其中正突变幅度最高的菌株为62,较初始菌株的抑菌圈直径提高了31.43%。经过6次传代,证实该突变株具有良好的遗传稳定性。盆栽实验表明,突变株62对于番茄枯萎病的防效达到75.76%。通过ARTP诱变获得的突变株稳定性好、拮抗效果提高明显,在防治番茄枯萎病方面有很好的应用前景。     

基于标准化降水指数的北疆地区近52年旱涝变化特征

21世纪以来极端气候事件频发,其中旱涝灾害对人类影响最为明显。该研究以北疆为例,选用标准化降水指数SPI（Standard Precipitation Index）为干旱指标,基于北疆地区23个气象站的1961—2012年逐月降水数据,运用趋势分析法、EOF法、REOF法和ArcGIS中的Kring插值工具,对其旱涝时空变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:过去52 a北疆地区气候呈湿润化趋势,年代和年际尺度上,干旱逐渐减少,雨涝则逐渐增多。年际尺度上,北疆地区不同时间尺度的SPI都呈增加趋势,表明其湿润化的趋势加强。年代尺度上,1960s和1970s干旱频次大于雨涝频次,而在1980s—2000s雨涝频次大于干旱频次。且北疆地区的旱涝在区域空间分布上呈现四种差异型,并以此划分为四个旱涝区域:北部地区（降水适宜区）、东部地区（极度干旱区）、西部地区（干旱区）和中部地区（雨涝区）。季节尺度上,中部的石河子、托里、克拉玛依和北部的福海地区都是相对湿润区域,东部的青河、北塔山和奇台地区则是相对干旱的区域。