Empirical feed formulations for the marine ornamental fish,striped damsel,Dascyllus aruanus (Linné 1758) and their physical,chemical and nutritional evaluation

Formulated feeds containing a common ingredient mixture (CIM) consisting of fishmeal (anchovies), shrimp meal (Acetes), squid meal (Loligo) and soybean meal incorporated in ascending levels to obtain protein levels ranging from 180 to 560 g kg^?1(18.34%, 25.35%, 36.27%, 46.61% and 56.28%) and an energy level of 19 MJ kg^?1 were fed to the marine ornamental fish, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus <200 mg and 200–300 mg in size for periods of 35 and 63 days. The <200 mg fish accepted particles <0.5 mm in size and showed maximum growth in terms of absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) with the feed containing 380 g kg^?1 CIM having a protein content of 362 g kg^?1. Second‐degree polynomial regression equations fitted confirmed these observations with a predicted requirement of 360 g kg^?1 protein. In fish weighing 200–300 mg, growth was not significantly different (P>0.05) in fish fed with feeds containing 380 and 580 g kg^?1 CIM with 360 and 470 g kg^?1 protein. With these data, the second‐degree polynomial regressions showed that a protein level of 464 g kg^?1 would result in an RGR of 107%. The feeds were well accepted by the damselfish, showing good colour retention and health.The cost of the feeds excluding processing costs ranges from US $ 1.35 to 3.36 kg^?1. This is the first report on the development of formulated feeds for damselfish that would help in rearing and aquarium keeping of damselfish worldwide.     

Amino acid composition of single seeds and cotyledons of some brassica species by gas liquid chromatography

There are considerable differences in amino acid pattern between the seed coat and the embryo (separated after 5 h of imbibition in water) but only minor differences between the various embryonic parts, the hypocotyl, the inner and outer cotyledons. Thus, the seed coat is high in proline and hydroxyproline and relatively low in glutamic acid. No change in amino acid pattern was observed in the cotyledons after an additional 19 h of imbibition. This is of pratical significanse since a separation of the seed parts — of value in genetic studies — is greatly simplified if performed with swollen seeds as compared with dry seeds.The variation in the amino acid composition among single seeds of heterozygousB. campestris was higher than the variation among single seeds of homozygousB. tournfortii.

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Zusammenfassung Es bestehen bedeutende Unterschiede im Aminosäuremuster der Samenschale und des Embryos (getrennt nach 5 Stunden Inhibition in Wasser) aber nur geringere zwischen den verschiedenen Teilen des Embryos, dem Hypocotyl und den inneren und äusseren Cotyledonen. So sind die Gehalte der Samenschale hoch an Prolin und Hydroxyprolin sowie relativ niedrig an Glutaminsäure. Keine Anderung trat im Aminosäuren-Muster der Cotyledonen ein, wenn sie einer weiteren 19 Stunden-Inhibition unterworfen wurden. Dies ist von praktischer Bedeutung, da eine Trennung der Samenbestandteilewichtig für genetische Studien-im inhibierten Zustand sstärker vereinfacht wird als im normalen trockenen Zustand.Die Variation des Aminosäuren-Spektrums zwischen einzelnen Samen vonBrassica campestris-Heterozygoten war gröszer als die der Heterozygoten vonBrassica tournefortii.

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Résumé Il y a des différences considérables dans la composition en aminoacides entre le tégument séminal et l'embryon (séparé après 5h d'imbibition dans l'eau); par contre il y a peu de différences entre les diverses parties de l'embryon, l'hypocotyle, l'intérieur des cotylectons. Ainsi le tégument séminal est riche en proline et hydroxyproline, et relativement pauvre en acideglutamique. Aucun changement dans les taux d'amincides n'a été observé lors d'une imbibition supplémentaire de 19 heures.Ce fait a une importance pratique, car la séparation de la graine en ses diverses parties — importante dans les recherches génétiques — est grandement simplifiée si elle est pratiquée sur des graines gonflées et non sur des graines sèches. La variation du taux d'aminoacides entre graines isollées deB. campestris hétérozygote était plus grande que chez les graines homozygotes deB. tournefortii.