人工控制条件下的灰树花菌株筛选

对收集到的36个灰树花(Grifola frondosa)菌株在人工控制的环境条件下进行品比试验,为工厂化生产选择表现优良的菌株.共进行4轮筛选,从出菇正常的15个菌株中选择4个表现良好的菌株进行扩大栽培,对其稳定性进行研究.筛选出原基形成率高、抗逆性好的2个来自庆元的菌株(灰M良和灰M云)用于人工控制条件下生产.     

基于12SrRNA和ND3基因序列分析巨[鱼丕]遗传多样性及系统进化

为从分子水平研究巨[鱼丕](Bagarius yarrelli Sykes)的遗传多样性和系统进化关系,本实验对采集于怒江、澜沧江、元江3河流5种群中的60个个体进行12S rRNA和ND3基因序列的PCR扩增,同时与红河河口群体12个个体的12S rRNA和ND3基因序列进行比对分析,采用Mega5.02软件对碱基组成、Kimura-2 parameter遗传距离、可变位点等进行分析。应用DnaSP软件进行遗传多样性相关参数的计算。结果显示:12S rRNA和ND3基因序列长度分别为954 bp和346 bp(349 bp),分别定义了51个单倍型和42个单倍型,12S rRNA和ND3序列中的碱基平均含量分别为:T为20.8%、C为25.7%、A为32.1%、G为21.4%和T为29.5%、C为28.2%、A为28.1%、G为14.1%,表现出明显的A+T偏倚性;6个群体的群体内和群体间的遗传距离分别为0.003~0.284(12S rRNA),0.009~0.059(ND3)和0.004~1.062(12S rRNA),0.008~0.143(ND3);12S rRNA基因的51个单倍型和ND3基因的42个单倍型序列总的单倍型多样性(Hd)、核苷酸多样性(Pi)及核苷酸平均差异数(K)分别为0.972和0.937、0.035和0.079、31.414和27.176,均显示出丰富的遗传多样性。结合从GenBank中下载的12S rRNA和ND3基因同源序列的[鱼丕]科9属10种鱼类进行系统发育树的构建,结果表明巨[鱼丕]独自汇聚成一大单系群,怒江潞江坝群体、怒江三江口群体及澜沧江临沧群体间关系较近,澜沧江景洪群体可单独构成一个单系种群,红河河口群体、红河曼耗群体与其它巨[鱼丕]构成一单系种群后再同澜沧江景洪群体汇聚成一支。     

湖北省农村土地流转存在的问题及对策

结合近2年湖北省农村土地流转数据,从实证的角度分析了湖北省农村土地流转现状,指出了农村土地流转中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策,以期为湖北省农村土地流转提供参考。     

四川西南部小麦白粉菌群体毒性及遗传多样性分析

为明确四川西南部白粉菌群体毒性及其遗传变异情况,本文将2011年采自四川西南部的小麦白粉病标样进行单孢子堆分离纯化,共获得48个白粉菌菌株,并将其按采集地划分为4个地理群体。利用28份已知抗白粉病基因材料测定了群体的毒性频率,并运用SRAP分子标记技术探讨了其遗传多样性。毒性测定结果表明,白粉菌群体毒性较强,群体间毒性结构存在差异。供试群体对Pm1、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3d、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm19的平均毒性频率达50%以上,而Pm13、Pm XBD、Pm5b、Pm2+6、Pm5+6抗性保持良好,平均毒性频率在10%以下。群体间毒性遗传距离与地理距离之间有一定的相关性,但未达到显著水平。用筛选出的10对SRAP引物共获得160个清晰、稳定的扩增位点,多态性频率为50.63%;白粉菌群体遗传多样度(h)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为0.198 8、0.322 7,遗传变异主要源于群体内部。群体间基因流数值均在6.50以上,说明四川西南部白粉菌群体间菌源迁移频繁,基因交流较为充分。M antel Test分析表明SRAP标记解释的群体遗传多样性与地理距离、毒性多样性间的相关性未达到显著水平。     

单色绿光环境对孵化中种蛋蛋壳理化特性的影响

蛋壳是鸡胚发育过程中与外界环境进行气体和热量交换的重要媒介,其结构、形态等因素均为影响鸡胚发育的重要因素。单色绿光照射可缩短种蛋孵化时间,促进出雏、提高种蛋孵化率。有鉴于此,该研究针对单色绿光调控孵化过程中的种蛋蛋壳色度、蛋壳结构、色素含量及元素含量等因素进行监测,从种蛋蛋壳特性变化的角度探究单色绿光在种蛋孵化过程中促进雏鸡出雏的机制。结果表明,与传统黑暗孵化环境相比较,孵化过程单色绿光形成的光环境促使蛋壳对孵化环境产生适应性响应,蛋壳表面亮度显著降低（P<0.01）,抑制了蛋壳中绿色色素-胆绿素的分解（P<0.01）。且单色绿光有助于鸡胚吸收利用蛋壳中的Ca元素,显著促进孵化过程中蛋壳表面孔隙面积的风化增大（P<0.000 1）,提高蛋壳的通透性及散热效果,利于出雏期间雏鸡出壳,有助于促进出雏并降低孵化死亡率。该研究阐析了单色绿光孵化过程中种蛋蛋壳特性的变化,为单色绿光促进种蛋出雏及其在孵化产业的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

浅论陶渊明的主体创作意识

东晋陶渊明打破了诗坛的沉寂 ,“独起众类”地以自觉的创作意识及创作成果而声名于后 ,在诗歌艺术的长河中建构了一个独特的诗文领域 ,实现了他的“以诗文传世”的创作理想。《陶渊明集》成了中国文学史上的第一部文人专集。     

Effect of Foliar GA3 and ABA Applications on Reactive Oxygen Metabolism in Black Currants (Ribes nigrum L.) During Bud Para-dormancy and Secondary Bud Burst

The secondary bud burst can cause around 10％-20％ yield losses in black currants, an economically important crop in parts of Europe, Asia and North America. The ...     

Short-term effect of cultivation and crop rotation systems on soil quality indicators in a coastal newly reclaimed farming area

Purpose

Soil quality (SQ), a measure of the sustainability of land use and soil management practices, can be assessed by indicators including soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Our primary objectives were to investigate the influence of consecutive cultivation and different crop rotation systems on individual SQ indicators and to examine the impact of rotation systems on SQ using soil quality index (SQI) model.

Materials and methods

A site-specific selection of 17 potential SQ indicators representing soil chemical and physical attributes (0–10 cm) and groundwater features on 60 sampling locations and 10 representative soil profiles was chosen in a typical coastal newly reclaimed farmland of north Jiangsu Province, China. Using ANOVA analysis, the crop rotation effect was analyzed by comparing SQ indicators between rice/rape rotation soil and cotton/barley rotation soil. An overall SQI was calculated to examine whether plant biomass indices exactly responded to the SQI value.

Results and discussion

Results indicated that cultivation had significant effect on some soil profile characteristics, including SOM, SOCD, AP, CEC, AK, EC_e, and I _f. Crop rotation systems also had significant influence on some SQ indicators. Compared with cotton/barley rotation soil, rice/rape rotation soil was characterized by higher organic matter, undifferentiated nutrient storage and salinity/alkalinity, lower water accommodation and infiltration, and adverse groundwater conditions. Cotton/barley rotation had higher SQI values over rice/rape rotation (0.523 vs. 0.422). SQ indicators of SAR_e, EC_e, and WT_g contributed the most to the overall SQI value for each rotation system. Plant biomass indices significantly correlated with the SQI values for both rotation systems, suggesting that the SQI values essentially reflected the status of SQ.

Conclusions

Such results allowed us to conclude that cotton/barley rotation system contributed more to the improvement of SQ than rice/rape rotation system in coastal farming area. Also, we suggested SOCD, AK, ρ _b, WT_g, and EC_g as the minimum data set for SQ assessment, as they had potential in discriminating the effect of rotation systems on SQ between the rotation systems used here.     

山东省果品产业高质量发展的意义及实现途径

果品产业高质量发展是兼顾经营者、生产者、消费者利益的更高层面的发展;推动山东果品产业高质量发展对于应对产业面临的挑战与压力、促进乡村振兴、落实新发展理念、增加农民收入等都具有十分重要的意义;山东果品产业发展水平具备了由追求高产量向追求高质量发展转变的客观条件;推动山东果品产业高质量发展,需要在充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用的同时,更好地发挥政府作用。     

水分胁迫下硝酸钠对葡萄幼苗氮代谢酶活性的影响

以葡萄品种"维多利亚"(Vitis vinifera L.Victoria)一年生幼苗为试材,采用水培技术,以浓度为5%、10%、15%PEG-6000模拟不同程度的水分胁迫,研究了不同程度水分胁迫下施加硝酸钠对葡萄幼苗氮代谢相关酶的影响,以期为葡萄生产实践中精准灌溉及施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:不同程度水分胁迫下施加硝酸钠对植株各部氮代谢相关酶活性影响较大,整体上随着水分胁迫程度的加深植株各部硝酸还原酶(NR)活性提前出现峰值,降低了谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性,提高了谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,且提前出现峰值;轻度水分胁迫一定程度上加强了植株氮代谢相关酶活性。综上,不同水分胁迫处理下施加硝态氮后对"维多利亚"葡萄幼苗各部氮代谢相关酶的活性影响较大;轻度水分胁迫一定程度上加强了植株各部氮代谢相关酶活性;随着水分胁迫程度加深植株各部NR活性响应提前,GS和GOGAT活性降低,GOT和GPT活性响应提前,从而影响了植株氮代谢过程。