家兔乳酸脱氢酶等生化指标的测定及其与生产力关系的研究

对８个品种家兔的血清Ｃａ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、乳酸脱氢酶和血清蛋白质含量的测定并经ＬＳＲ检验表明，各品种家兔之间乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶含量不同，其生产性能与Ａ、Ｂ亚基含量相关，含Ａ亚基越丰富，其生长速度越快；各品种间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量、白／球比值及β－球蛋白含量均存在不同差异，生长发育快的家兔的血清总蛋白、球蛋白、β－球蛋白含量较高，白蛋白含量及白／球比值较低     

活性氧自由基对动物健康及饲料质量的影响

本文简单介绍了活性氧(ROS)的定义和劬物体内活性氧的来源,并进一步从机理上探讨了ROS造成的饲料脂质过氧化的原因及其危害,重点阐述了ROS对畜禽健康、生产性能和肉质的影响,同时也指出了机体自身产生的适量的ROS的一些生理意义。     

施肥对全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤养分动态变化的影响

采用大田随机区组试验法,研究了不同施肥水平下全膜双垄沟播玉米土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷的动态变化情况。结果表明:整个玉米生育时期0～20cm土层各处理的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷变化趋势与20～40cm土层基本一致。土壤有机质和碱解氮含量随着玉米生育时期的推进而不断降低,且分别在抽雄期和灌浆期达到最低值,成熟期有机质和碱解氮含量又略有回升。全磷含量从苗期到成熟期逐渐降低。全氮和速效磷含量在玉米生长前期不断增加,且分别在抽雄期和拔节期达到最大值,之后随着生育期的推进而不断降低。两个土层的土壤养分含量存在着明显的垂直递减规律。西北干旱半干旱地区全膜双垄沟播玉米种植密度确定为6.75×104株/hm-2时,最佳施肥量为纯N 210kg/hm2、P2O5168kg/hm2。     

蓖麻蚕饲养技术

桑蚕、柞蚕、蓖麻蚕是被人工驯化成功利用的三种主要吐丝类经济昆虫。蓖麻蚕主食蓖麻叶,具有发育快、龄期短、蚕体健、易饲养、成本低、见效快的特点。饲养1盒蓖麻蚕卵（约1万粒）可收茧25kg,除茧壳作为丝织品原料外,还有鲜蛹18kg、蚕沙100kg,均可综合利用。因此,在农业结构调整中广种蓖麻、多养蓖麻蚕大有发展前途。现将其饲养技术介绍如下。     

金丝桃素粉剂对人工感染传染性囊病病毒鸡的疗效试验

金丝桃素是从贯叶连翘中提取的一种极具抗病毒活性成分。为了研究金丝桃素粉剂对腔上囊的治疗效果,对20日龄雏鸡人工感染传染性囊病病毒(IBDV BC-6/85)后,以不同的剂量连续4d口服金丝桃素粉剂。通过观察腔上囊和肌肉的出血情况,以及病原分离,评价该药物对鸡传染性囊病的治疗效果。结果表明:以667.9mg/kg体重的金丝桃素粉剂连续口服给药4d,能有效的治疗传染性囊病,效果优于对照药物高免卵黄抗体。     

加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌acrA mRNA表达水平的影响

为了解加减三黄汤对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响,采用实时荧光定量方法检测了外输泵acrA mRNA表达水平的变化。将100只昆明系小鼠分为阳性组(感染耐药性大肠杆菌2 751株和2 952株),阴性组,攻毒治疗组(2 751株+加减三黄汤,2 952株+加减三黄汤),8d后将鼠随机剖杀,取肝组织抹片培养大肠杆菌,做药敏试验,同时提取质粒,检测大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达量。结果显示,经加减三黄汤在体治疗后的大肠杆菌耐药性下降了,每μL中mRNA拷贝数为2 751株最高达1016,2 952株1015;用药后各菌株均有下降;相差极显著(P≤0.01),耐药性越大的拷贝数越多。表明加减三黄汤对耐药大肠杆菌外输泵基因acrA的mRNA表达水平影响与耐药性有一定的相关性。     

牦牛大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

本试验旨在研究牦牛源大肠杆菌的遗传进化关系,明确其与人和其他动物大肠杆菌的亲缘关系。采集来源于四川省甘孜州、阿坝州的60份临床健康成年牦牛肛门棉拭子样本,接种于麦康凯琼脂培养基上进行细菌的分离培养,通过常规形态学、培养特性、生化特征和16S rRNA PCR检测的研究,确定49株为大肠杆菌。对其中9株牦牛源大肠杆菌进行16S rRNA克隆、测序,经系统发育分析发现牦牛菌株组内同源性为98.8%~99.9%,与GenBank中其他菌株的同源性为94.0%~100%。结果表明,牦牛源大肠杆菌与牛源菌株的遗传距离最近,与羊源菌株的遗传距离最远,与人、猪、鸭、鸡源菌株的遗传距离较近,其中有2株菌与人肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O₁₅₇∶H₇和志贺氏菌聚为一支,从遗传进化的关系看其有可能成为人类的潜在病原菌。     

疫苗与免疫

最近一段时间内,犬传染病仍是危害犬最为严重的一类疾病。为此,要使用有效的疫苗来对犬进行免疫,控制犬传染病的发生。本文就犬疫苗和免疫作一简要介绍。     

Efficiency of methods applied for goat estrous synchronization in subtropical monsoonal climate zone of Southwest China

Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1, a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF_2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF_2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF_2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively.