基于鼹鼠多趾结构特征的仿生切土刀片设计与试验

为降低土壤耕作阻力,分析了鼹鼠前肢手掌的多趾组合结构特征,得到鼹鼠多趾组合结构是一种多窄齿组合结构,且相邻齿间间距可调整,最终确定了多趾组合结构的数学模型。基于该模型,设计了具有仿生结构特征的切土刀片。通过土槽试验,采用四因素三水平的二次正交回归试验方法,分析仿生结构元素m和n、土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响,得到土壤含水率和切土倾角对水平阻力的影响更显著,最优仿生结构元素m为5、n为1.75。通过比较传统和仿生刀片在切土倾角10°~90°和土壤含水率10%~30%下的水平阻力,得到仿生几何结构对刀片切土的临界倾角无显著影响,但土壤含水率对其有显著影响：当土壤含水率为10%和20%时,临界倾角均为30°左右;当土壤含水率为30%时,临界倾角均在40°~50°之间。然而,仿生几何结构对刀片所受的水平阻力有显著影响,在相同的土壤含水率下,仿生刀片的水平阻力总小于传统刀片的水平阻力：当土壤含水率为10%、20%、30%时,仿生刀片的水平阻力分别减小11.48%~39.16%、17.81%~28.00%和11.19%~33.26%。此外,水平阻力的变化与土壤内聚力具有极大的相关性,研究表明土壤含水率为10%~20%时,仿生刀片具有更好的切土性能。     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

桂林市黑皮冬瓜引种比较试验

为筛选出适应桂林栽培的高产优质冬瓜新品种,将引进的3个黑皮冬瓜新品种与对照品种铁柱168进行综合比较试验。结果表明,桂蔬6号、天贵369长势旺盛,综合性状表现优异,分别比对照品种增产44.26%和38.99%。铁宝丰产效果较好,可增产17.27%,亦可作为选择栽种对象。     

物联网技术在食品及农产品中应用的研究进展

物联网(IOT)技术正被越来越多地应用在食品及农产品领域。首先简介了无线射频识别标签(RFID)和无线传感器网络(WSN)的原理和技术,然后较全面地分析归纳了近年来这些技术在食品、农产品的生产监控、安全监管及供应链的溯源与追踪等领域的应用研究现状,并分析了存在的问题和解决途径,最后展望了这些技术今后的发展趋势和应用前景。     

快速检测禽流感病毒的生物阻抗测试仪

在生物芯片上通过测量微(纳)电极阻抗值以诊断溶液中禽流感病毒,是目前禽流感病毒快速检测的方向之一.以AD5933高精度阻抗转换芯片为核心测量芯片,以ATmega16单片机为控制器,通过外围电路设计和调试,研制激励频率范围1～100 kHz、测量阻抗范围1～1 000 kΩ的阻抗测试仪,通过液晶实时显示扫频和定点测量结果.为保证测试仪的准确性,设计了带有35组不同阻抗组合的校正网络,用以实时校正.经精度为0.2％的商品化阻抗测试仪标定,所研制的原理性装置容抗测量精度达3％,通过进一步改进后可以满足使用要求.     

钢板仓储粮害虫陷阱诱捕技术研究

采用ＧＪ８９型良虫陷阱检测器对钢板仓害虫物种分布组成及主要害虫书虱和螨类在不同储藏期各部位的分布进行了调查研究。结果表明：３～４月仓库昆虫物种组成简单,为书虱和长角谷盗两种,分别占捕获总虫量的９９．５％及０．５％;８月份仓库昆虫７种,主要种类是书虱和螨类,分别占捕儿总量的６１．９％和３８％,次要害虫种类有赤拟谷盗、长角谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹及花斑皮蠹。不同储藏期、不同粮层、不同方向害虫分布存在差异。调     

基于动态特性的甘蔗收获机切割器拓扑优化设计

根据甘蔗收获机切割器动态分析结果中应力集中区域较多、振动较大的问题,针对减小甘蔗破头率和能耗及提高整体刚度的需求,在满足工作条件的情况下,以最小柔度为优化目标,对切割器结构进行拓扑优化设计,以优化所得构型为基础,提取并建立切割器新模型。最后,对新模型进行有限元分析,结果表明:优化后的切割器的1阶固有频率提高了10.05%,2阶固有频率提高了15.15%,Z向位移和综合位移分别减少了55.58%和44.58%,质量也减少了3.37%,应力集中区域刚性得到明显提升,为同类甘蔗收获机切割器的优化设计提供了参考和理论依据。     

广东省城市污泥农用资源化的思考

根据广东省城市污泥的特点、广东省耕地资源严重不足和土壤肥力偏低等不利因素所引起的严峻的农业形势,阐述了大力加强广东省城市污泥农用资源化研究与实践的现实意义和迫切性,指出了存在的问题和对策。     

不同堆贮方法对果蔗常温保鲜效果的初步研究

用6种不同的贮藏方法进行果蔗常温保鲜试验,结果发现垫盖塑料薄膜的平行堆蔗处理能使贮藏环境维持较高的相对湿度,降低日最高温度,有利于防病保鲜,贮藏70天后仅干耗13.60％,此对照低208.82％,好蔗率达92.0％(对照全部坏变),且尚能保持一定的蔗汁锤度,清甜可口。     

硝酸镧、混合稀土对甘蔗叶片多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的影响

在3个甘蔗品种的分蘖初期,分别喷施硝酸镧和混合稀土溶液,结果这两种处理都能促使甘蔗叶片在不同生长期的多酚氧化酶活性极显著高于喷清水的对照,而且喷施混合稀土的又极显著高于硝酸镧处理。混合稀土还能使即将进入工艺成熟期的甘蔗叶片的过氧化物酶活性高于对照。