应用荧光定量RT-PCR检测J亚群禽白血病病毒

针对J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）基因序列保守区域设计一对特异性引物和一条特异性探针,通过构建重组阳性标准质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了检测ALV-J核酸的荧光定量PCR方法。优化反应体系和条件后进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验。结果显示,该检测方法特异性强,与其它禽源病毒如A亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-A）、B亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-B）、新城疫病毒（ NDV）、禽流感病毒（AIV）、鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）和马立克病病毒（MDV）均不发生交叉反应;该方法可检测到3.2×102拷贝/μL的病毒核酸,与常规RT-PCR相比,敏感性高100倍;重复性试验的变异系数小于2%。研究结果表明,建立的Real-time RT-PCR 检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可重复性好,可用于ALV-J的定量检测。     

云冷杉天然次生林种子雨时空分布特征

以东北云冷杉天然次生林为对象,在吉林省汪清林业局,设立面积为1 hm2(100 m×100 m)的样地12块,在每个样地安装面积为0.64 m2(0.8 m×0.8 m)的种子收集器5个.自2018年7月末开始收集种子,每月收集1次,至11月末结束.在实验室将收集的种子分成完整种子、干瘪或霉烂种子、被取食种子3类,分析种子雨时空分布特征.结果表明:整个种子雨阶段,共收集177561粒种子,平均种子雨密度为1257.42粒·m-2.完整种子占种子雨总量的比例较高(99.43％),其中水曲柳种子完整率为98.20％,高于其他树种;冷杉种子完整率为89.79％;未收集到鱼鳞云杉种子.研究区大部分树种种子在10月份达到成熟高峰,整个群落及各树种种子雨在不同时间均表现出显著差异(P<0.05).种子空间变异系数为1.35,水曲柳变异系数最大(7.02).该地区种子雨产量丰富、种子完整度高、天然更新潜力大、种子空间变异程度大、种子分布不均匀.     

锦鲤暴发性出血症病原的研究

从患暴发性出症的锦鲤体内分离出2株细菌－052202和052203，应用细菌分离鉴定方法和法国Biomerieux FRC公司的API全自动微生物鉴定系统进行鉴定，结果显示：052202株为嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia),052203株为温和气单胞（菌（Aeromonas sobria)。生物毒性试验的结果表明，温和气单胞菌可使健康锦鲤死亡，引起体表出血，肝，肾，脾，胆囊发生病变，有致病性；而嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌不引起健康锦鲤死亡，无致病性，28例药物的药敏试验结果表明，温和气单胞菌对新霉素，卡那霉素，庆大霉素，头孢噻吩，头孢曲松的头孢他啶的敏感性强或较强。     

具有排气功能的毛管末端自动冲洗阀设计与结构优化

该研究创制一种具备自动排气功能（Auto-Exhaust function, AE）的毛管末端自动冲洗阀,以提高冲洗时长和冲洗水量。选取延时流道齿长和齿宽、上腔体容积和冲洗阀进口压力共4个因素,采用L18（37）正交试验设计18种规格的AE冲洗阀,并设置4种无排气装置（Non-Exhaust function, NE）的冲洗阀为对照,探究排气装置提升冲洗阀水力性能的作用机理和AE冲洗阀性能参数对试验因素的响应规律。结果表明,当进口压力为0.06～0.14 MPa时,AE冲洗阀的冲洗时长、冲洗水量和冲洗流速分别为18.2～67.7 s、3 904～12 367 mL和0.88～1.40 m/s。冲洗时长和水量与流道齿长、齿宽和上腔体容积均为正相关关系,与进口压力为负相关关系,冲洗流速只与进口压力有关,为正相关关系。流道齿长、齿宽和上腔体容积对冲洗时长和水量影响显著,进口压力对冲洗时长和流速影响显著（P<0.05）。AE冲洗阀能自动排出上腔体中的空气,增加蓄水容积,使其冲洗时长和水量分别比NE冲洗阀提高83.5%与75.4%以上。综合考虑延时流道抗堵塞性能、冲洗时长和水量等因素,推荐AE冲洗阀流道齿长、齿宽、上腔体容积和进口压力分别为1.2 mm、2.2 mm、19.1 mL和0.06 MPa,其冲洗时长和水量分别是NE冲洗阀的2.8和2.7倍,是进口冲洗阀的7.4和7.0倍,为67.7 s、12 194 mL。研究结果可为具有排气功能的毛管末端自动冲洗阀的研发提供依据。     

辽宁省生长季气候变化及其对春玉米产量的影响

为了明确气候变化对辽宁省春玉米产量的影响,基于1968—2017年气象站点数据,结合标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),运用M-K趋势分析、相关分析及回归分析等数理统计方法研究了辽宁省春玉米生长季各气候要素、干湿变化特征及其与春玉米产量的关系。结果表明:降水量除丹东呈增加趋势外,其它地区呈现减少趋势; 大部分地区温度呈现升高趋势,风速呈显著减弱趋势,相对湿度变化趋势不显著; 日照时数除辽阳、本溪呈不显著增加外,其他地区呈减少趋势。降水、最高温和平均温是影响辽宁省春玉米产量的重要因子,尤其是朝阳、葫芦岛、锦州、阜新和大连地区,春玉米对这些要素更敏感,与降水量正相关,与最高温、平均温负相关,未来降水量减少、温度升高将不利于这些地区春玉米生长。随着位置东移降水量逐渐以负效应为主,温度逐渐表现为正效应。除阜新、抚顺、本溪等部分地区呈现干旱化外,其他地区表现为不显著的湿润化趋势。朝阳、葫芦岛、阜新等地区春玉米产量对6月、7月的干湿变化较敏感,易受旱减产; 干旱化将使阜新春玉米生产形势变得严峻,朝阳、锦州、大连地区湿润化对春玉米生长有利; 沈阳、鞍山、辽阳和营口地区5—9月的干湿状况均对春玉米产量有影响,抚顺、本溪、铁岭等地区则易受6—8月的干湿状况影响,这些地区当前较适宜春玉米生长; 丹东地区易受涝减产,且湿润化趋势将会对该地区玉米生产造成不利影响。辽宁省不同气候要素及干湿变化对不同地区春玉米产量的影响效应有正有负,程度也各不相同,各地应因地制宜采取合理措施促进玉米丰产。     

Soil water affects transpiration response to rainfall and vapor pressure deficit in poplar plantation

Influences of environmental factors on transpiration are interactive. Sensitivities of transpiration responses to both evaporative demand and rainfall under contrasting soil water conditions constitute the physiological basis of the drought tolerance of trees. Such knowledge is practically significant for plantation management, especially for irrigation management. We therefore conducted a 6-year study on the transpiration of a poplar plantation in temperate China to elucidate the existence and pattern of the influence of the soil water over stand transpiration responses to (1) vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the major indicator of air dryness and (2) the rainfall, in terms of total amount and event size. The results showed that the response of plantation transpiration (E _c ) to VPD was conditioned by soil moisture. There was a significant difference in the frequency distribution of maximum sap flux under contrasting soil relative extractable water. E _c after rainfall of different sizes varied under similar VPD. The increasing occurrences of only large rainfall events led to enhanced total E _c during the growing season, but prolonged rainless intervals did not lead to a continuous decrease of E _c , suggesting appreciable supplements from the soil water were present to sustain transpiration. In addition, the balance of soil water between replenishment and extraction also conditioned the influence of rainfall over subsequent E _c during the respective rainless intervals. Based on the E _c responses to VPD and rainfall under different soil moisture levels, irrigation that directly replenishes the deep soil layers in order to alleviate water stress on transpiration during the small-rain event-dominated growing season is an effective and water-saving approach to guarantee trees survival during drought period.     

甩挂运输车队运营组织模式分析

甩挂运输作为一种节能减排、低碳高效的运输方式,也是我国目前大力倡导推行的运输方式之一,甩挂运输不仅是发展低碳物流的手段,也是企业提高工作效率,获得更大的经济效益和社会效益的可行之举.在国家政策和行业发展的推动下,甩挂运输必将成为运输行业的发展趋势.本文对甩挂运输的工作原理进行介绍,并针对甩挂运输的车队运营组织模式进行分析,将其分为4大类.结合图像对每一类运营组织模式的特点进行研究,并通过实例分析,得出该类模式的适用情况.通过系统的比较和分析这4种不同的车队组织运营模式,从理论上为物流运输企业开展甩挂运输的车队运营组织模式选择提供决策依据.     

Patterns of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection of three salmonid species in large,deep Norwegian lakes

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is of serious ecological and economical concern to wild and farmed salmonids. Wild salmonid populations have declined due to PKD, primarily in rivers, in Europe and North America. Deep lakes are also important habitats for salmonids, and this work aimed to investigate parasite presence in five deep Norwegian lakes. Kidney samples from three salmonid species from deep lakes were collected and tested using real-time PCR to detect PKD parasite presence. We present the first detection of T. bryosalmonae in European whitefish in Norway for the first time, as well as the first published documentation of the parasite in kidneys of Arctic charr, brown trout and whitefish in four lakes. The observed prevalence of the parasite was higher in populations of brown trout than of Arctic charr and whitefish. The parasite was detected in farmed, but not in wild, charr in one lake. This suggests a possible link with a depth of fish habitat and fewer T. bryosalmonae-infected and PKD-affected fish. Towards a warmer climate, cold hypolimnion in deep lakes may act as a refuge for wild salmonids, while cold deep water may be used to control PKD in farmed salmonids.     

多重实时RT-PCR快速检测新型甲型H1N1流感病毒

从GenBank中获取新型甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009年流行株)HA和NA基因序列,通过多重序列比对之后,设计合成H1和N1基因特异性的引物和探针,用来建立新的甲型H1N1亚型流感病毒的多重实时RT-PCR检测方法.合成的两条荧光探针分别标记FAM和CY5荧光报告基团,荧光淬灭均使用BHQ基团.多重实时RT-PCR实验在ABl7500实时PCR仪上进行,经过40个循环的扩增之后,阳性对照出现标准的S型曲线,并且具有良好的特异性,可以很好地将新的甲型H1N1与传统的甲型H1N1以及H3N2、H5N1、H6N2和H9N2等流感病毒区分.多重实时RT-PCR可以检测到10个拷贝的模板,灵敏度接近检测方法的极限.检测时间短,从加样到反应结束只需要90 min.在对243例发热病人临床样品检测过程中发现7例阳性,1351份猪临床样品检测中未发现阳性,该检测结果和采用中国检验检疫科学研究院研制的试剂盒获得的检测结果一致.本研究所建立的快速、准确和高敏感性的多重实时RT-PCR方法非常适用于新型甲型H1N1流感病毒的实验室筛查.