Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

Environmentally sustainable production of food,feed and fuel from natural resources in the tropics

Responding to the challenges posed by global warming, peak oil and biofuels will require a paradigm shift in the practice of agriculture and in the role of live stock within the farming system. Farming systems should aim at maximizing plant biomass production from locally available diversified resources, processing of the biomass on farm to provide food, feed and energy and recycling of all waste materials. The approach that is the subject of this paper is that the generation of electricity can be a by-product of food/feed production. The concept is the fractionation of biomass into inedible cell wall material that can be converted to an inflammable gas by gasification, the gas in turn being the source of fuel for internal combustion engines driving electrical generators. The cell contents and related structures such as tree leaves are used as human food or animal feed. As well as providing food and feed the model is highly appropriate for decentralized small scale production of electricity in rural areas. It also offers opportunities for sequestration of carbon in the form of biochar the solid residue remaining after gasification of the biomass.     

抗草甘膦大豆粕外源DNA在肉鸡体内代谢研究

使用PCR方法,在肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌中,未检出来源于抗草甘膦的转基因豆粕外源cp4 epsps基因;在盲肠食糜和粪便中却检出外源基因,但出现率很低。这表明,在现有的检测条件下,外源DNA的完整性在肉鸡消化道很大程度被破坏,没有进入鸡肉中。     

猪、鸡间空肠弯曲杆菌感染分布状况的调查研究

目的:对入沪28个产地(河南开封、山东青岛、江苏南通、浙江金华、上海奉贤等地)的鸡、猪进行了空肠弯曲杆菌流行分布调查,了解空肠弯曲杆菌在不同动物种间的分布状况。方法:以空肠弯曲杆菌特异性的VS1基因为扩增目标片段,对2005～2007年间在上海市三家家禽市场和五家生猪屠宰场采集的2234(鸡1015份、猪1219份)盲肠内容物样品进行PCR检测。结果:鸡盲肠内容物检出空肠弯曲杆菌阳性的样品288份,平均阳性率为28.4%,猪盲肠内容物检出空肠弯曲杆菌阳性的样品420份,平均阳性率为34.4%。结论:28个产地的鸡、猪均有空肠弯曲杆菌感染,不同产地、种属其感染率和发病情况不同,经统计学分析显示,猪的感染阳性率显著高于鸡,上海市内(奉贤等地)来源的畜禽感染阳性率显著低于浙江金华、江苏海门、江苏张家港和江苏大丰等外省市地区。     

美国的牛奶定价方法

直到19世纪末,像大多数液体一样,牛奶是依据体积来简单定价的。但是,每一位牛奶生产者都知道牛奶离统一标准还差很远。因为饲养管理、奶牛个体、泌乳期、季节和其他未知因素导致了牛奶成分的不同,例如,一些牛奶含有比其他牛奶多两倍的脂肪。1890年Babcock检测发展起来,这是一种简单、快速、准确地检测乳脂肪成分的方法。它可以直接确定从牛奶中提炼出奶油或者黄油的量,并且可以精确地预测奶酪的量。Babcock检测方法改革了牛奶的定价,并很快被购买牛奶的工厂采用。随着商业性乳产业的发展,牛奶量的检测从体积基准转向重量,因为精确地确定重…     

不同浓度乙醇对蜂胶中的铅提取效果的研究

采用不同浓度的乙醇90％、85％、80％、75％、70％、65％、50％，对蜂胶的有效成分进行提取，测定其提取液和残渣中的铅含量，并计算其提取率。结果表明：随乙醇浓度的上升，提取率及提取液中的铅含量增高。其中乙醇浓度为75％、70％和65％的蜂胶提取液中的铅含量均小于1ppm，符合我国食品卫生法关于食品中的铅含量不得超过1ppm的规定。     

2015—2019年广西部分猪场病死猪5种病毒的抗原检测

为了解广西地区规模猪场猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）5种病原的感染情况,采用RT-PCR/PCR方法,对2015年3月—2019年3月采集自广西14个地市1 010个不同规模类型猪场的2 104份病料进行5种病原的核酸检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果显示：2015—2019年5种病原在广西14个地市的规模猪场中均有检出,其中PRRSV、PEDV、PCV2检出率较高,分别为29.88%、27.75%和24.60%,与其他病原相比差异显著（P<0.05）,南宁、玉林、桂林、百色、柳州、贵港、崇左、北海等生猪主产区以及中小型猪场的病原检出率相对较高（P<0.05）;季节因素对PRRSV和PRV感染影响较大,分别在秋季和春季检出率显著增加（P<0.05）;混合感染现象较为普遍,以PCV2分别与PRRSV、CSFV和PRV的二重感染为主（P<0.01）。结果表明,广西生猪主产区以及中小型猪场的5种病原感染情况较为严重,尤其是PRRSV、PEDV和PCV2,需加强免疫,重点防控。本检测摸清了广西地区引起猪群发病的主要病毒性病原及其流行特点,对于广西地区主要猪病的重点防控提供了参考。     

丁酸梭菌对慢性肾衰竭犬肠道菌群及血清小分子尿毒素含量的影响

本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)犬肠道菌群及血清小分子尿毒素含量的影响。选取20条2岁左右的雄性贵宾犬,随机分成4组:假手术对照组(CL组)、模型组(MD组)、低剂量丁酸梭菌组(LCB组)和高剂量丁酸梭菌组(HCB组),每组5只。CL组只做腹腔打开手术,其余3组肾动脉结扎制作CRF模型。造模成功后,LCB组和HCB组分别按每天0.5、1.0 g/kg BW的剂量灌喂丁酸梭菌,进行为期4周的干预。检测血清和粪便尿素氮(UN)、肌酐(Cr)和硫酸吲哚酚(IS)含量,并对肠道菌群16S rDNA进行高通量测序。结果表明:1)试验结束时(第4周),LCB组和HCB组的血清UN、Cr和IS含量极显著低于MD组(P<0.01),但极显著高于CL组(P<0.01);与LCB组比较,HCB组的血清UN、IS含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清Cr含量极显著降低(P<0.01)。试验结束时,HCB组的粪便UN、Cr含量均显著低于MD组(P<0.05),CL组的粪便UN、Cr含量均显著低于MD组、LCB组和HCB组(P<0.05)。2)饲喂丁酸梭菌均降低CRF犬肠道菌群的α多样性,HCB组的Chao1指数、Shannon指数显著低于MD组(P<0.05)。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果显示4组样本间发生明显聚类。3)在门水平上,MD组的肠道放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度显著高于CL组(P<0.05),LCB组和HCB组的肠道Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria的相对丰度均显著低于MD组(P<0.05);在属水平上,饲喂丁酸梭菌可降低CRF犬肠道变形杆菌属(Proteus)、埃希氏菌属(Esche-richia)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、普氏菌属(Prevotella)、放线菌属(Actinomyces)和涅斯捷连科氏菌属(Nesterenkonia)的相对丰度。LEfSe分析发现,CRF犬肠道菌群有19个具有差异的生物标志物,主要集中于Actinobacteria、Proteobacteria,饲喂丁酸梭菌可减少CRF犬生物标志物的差异。4)Spearman相关性分析显示,血清UN、Cr和IS含量与Enterobacter、Proteus和Escherichia相对丰度存在较强的正相关关系,与乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)相对丰度存在较强的负相关关系。由此可见,CRF犬肠道菌群紊乱与血清小分子尿毒素含量之间存在相关性,丁酸梭菌可通过调节CRF犬肠道菌群结构,促进血清小分子尿毒素的清除,以每天1.0 g/kg BW添加量为宜。