鸡白介素18基因原核表达质粒构建

根据已发表的江西土鸡白介素 -1 8(Ch IL-1 8) c DNA编码基因序列设计引物 ,用PCR技术从 p MDCh IL-1 8质粒扩增出编码鸡IL-1 8成熟蛋白基因 ,重组于 p BV2 2 0表达载体上 ,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 JM1 0 9(DE3 ) ,转化子经温度诱导的表达产物 ,SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定约 2万 ,N端开头 1 5个氨基酸序列测定分析 ,证明获得了鸡 IL-1 8成熟蛋白 ,为今后深入研究鸡 IL -1 8的生物学特性及其临床应用打下了基础     

Induction of cell proliferation in the rat liver by the short-term administration of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether

In the present study, in continuation of our previous experiment in order to investigate the mode of action (MOA) of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) hepatotumorigenicity in rats, we aimed to examine alterations in cell proliferation, that are induced by short-term administration of ETBE. F344 rats were administered ETBE at doses of 0, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight twice a day by gavage for 3, 10, 17 and 28 days. It was found that the previously observed significant increase of P450 total content and hydroxyl radical levels after 7 days of ETBE administration, and 8-OHdG formation at day 14, accompanied by accumulation of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and downregulation of DNA oxoguanine glycosylase 1, was preceded by induction of cell proliferation at day 3. Furthermore, we observed an increase in regenerative cell proliferation as a result of ETBE treatment at day 28, followed by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by day 14. These results indicated that short-term administration of ETBE led to a significant early increase in cell proliferation activity associated with induction of oxidative stress, and to a regenerative cell proliferation as an adaptive response, which could contribute to the hepatotumorigenicity of ETBE in rats.     

禽源大肠埃希菌Biolog鉴定和系统发育分析

采用Biolog和16S rRNA基因序列分析法对中国兽医药品监察所菌种室收集保藏的18株大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)进行了鉴定.菌株经纯化培养,用Biolog微生物鉴定系统进行了鉴定,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.提取基因组DNA,采用16S rRNA通用引物,用PCR进行16S rRNA基因序列扩增,扩增产物纯化后进行测序.序列经人工校对后用Clustal X 1.83软件进行比对分析,采用Mega 3.1软件构建系统发育树,结果表明18株菌株为大肠埃希菌.     

热应激对动物体内蛋白质周转代谢的内分泌途径的影响

本文讨论了高温条件下机体内分泌激素对蛋白质合成、分解的影响,试图从内分泌角度解释高温对动物体蛋白质沉积的影响机理.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征诊断方法与疫苗研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒引起的一种猪传染性疾病,该病能引起母猪的繁殖障碍和新生仔猪呼吸症状,严重影响养猪业的健康发展,因此对该病的研究具有重要意义。近年来,该病在世界范围内的流行和分布日趋广泛,造成世界养猪业严重经济损失,因此受到国内外学者的高度重视,对该病的研究也日益深入,在疫病的诊断方法及防控机制等方面取得了重要进展。文章就近年来PRRS诊断方法及疫苗的发展两方面进行了综述。     

Short communication: investigation of the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle

Icelandic Cattle is a local dairy cattle breed in Iceland. With about 26,000 breeding females, it is by far the largest among the indigenous Nordic cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of genomic selection in Icelandic Cattle. Pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (PBLUP) and single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) were compared. Accuracy, bias, and dispersion of estimated breeding values (EBV) for milk yield (MY), fat yield (FY), protein yield (PY), and somatic cell score (SCS) were estimated in a cross validation-based design. Accuracy (r^) was estimated by the correlation between EBV and corrected phenotype in a validation set. The accuracy (r^) of predictions using ssGBLUP increased by 13, 23, 19, and 20 percentage points for MY, FY, PY, and SCS for genotyped animals, compared with PBLUP. The accuracy of nongenotyped animals was not improved for MY and PY, but increased by 0.9 and 3.5 percentage points for FY and SCS. We used the linear regression (LR) method to quantify relative improvements in accuracy, bias (Δ^), and dispersion (b^) of EBV. Using the LR method, the relative improvements in accuracy of validation from PBLUP to ssGBLUP were 43%, 60%, 50%, and 48% for genotyped animals for MY, FY, PY, and SCS. Single-step GBLUP EBV were less underestimated (Δ^), and less overdispersed (b^) than PBLUP EBV for FY and PY. Pedigree-based BLUP EBV were close to unbiased for MY and SCS. Single-step GBLUP underestimated MY EBV but overestimated SCS EBV. Based on the average accuracy of 0.45 for ssGBLUP EBV obtained in this study, selection intensities according to the breeding scheme of Icelandic Cattle, and assuming a generation interval of 2.0 yr for sires of bulls, sires of dams and dams of bulls, genetic gain in Icelandic Cattle could be increased by about 50% relative to the current breeding scheme.     

黄河水源区首曲湿地草地生态系统服务价值初步估算

黄河水源区首曲湿地保护区的草地生态系统不仅是当地经济社会可持续发展的资源保障,也是黄河上游地区天然的生态屏障。参照国内外草地生态系统服务价值的评估方法,对玛曲草地生态系统的服务价值做了初步估算,以便为草地资源的合理开发、利用及管理提供科学的参考依据。研究结果表明:首曲湿地保护区的草地生态系统服务价值为55.76~71.54亿元/a,是所在地玛曲县生产总值的15~19倍,单位国民生产总值(GDP)的环境成本均高于全国和全球水平。高额的环境成本,是造成该保护区草地大面积退化的主导因素。因此欲从根本上解决草地退化问题,必须转变草地粗放经营模式,实施高效集约化畜牧业生产模式和草地资源管理模式。     

蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血清淀粉酶和酯酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对19只蓝马鸡和15只藏马鸡血清淀粉酶和血清酯酶同工酶酶谱进行了研究。结果发现:(1)蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血清淀粉酶有AMY1,AMY2,AMY3三种同工酶,其中AMY1和AMY2存在多态性;(2)两种马鸡的血清酯酶均存在ES1,ES2和ES3三种同工酶;蓝马鸡的ES1同工酶存在显现酶活性的ES1A(36.8%)和不显现酶活性的ES10(63.2%)2种表型,而藏马鸡全部为ES10型。     

不同利用方式下草地优势植物的生态化学计量特征

在内蒙古温带草原围封、放牧和割草3种不同利用方式下,测定了大针茅、冷蒿和羊草3种优势种植物的化学计量元素,探讨了草地不同利用方式下优势种植物的化学计量特征响应机制。结果表明,3种优势种植物的C、N、P含量及其计量比在不同利用方式下均有明显的季节变化;不同利用方式、不同物种以及二者的交互作用均对N、P含量及C∶N、C∶P和N∶P有显著的影响,其中,C含量比较稳定,不同的利用方式对其无显著影响,N含量在整个生长季内总体呈下降趋势,放牧样地3种植物叶片的N、P含量均高于割草和围封样地,说明放牧增加了植物N、P的含量。植物生长普遍受到N的限制,土壤养分特征在不同利用方式间也存在一定的差异,围封样地表现为更加缺N,而放牧样地更加缺P。放牧样地有机质、C、N和P含量均高于割草和围封样地,说明适度放牧能提高土壤养分的含量,有利于植物的生长。