“微教育模式”对于乒乓球教学的影响与实践研究

该文将微教育模式引入乒乓球教学之中,以期改善乒乓球课堂的教学效果。首先,对微教育模式的实施过程进行了分析,将其明确为5个环节：调研学习需求、制定教学方案、设计教学内容、履行教学实践、反馈教学评价。其次,构建了基于微教育模式的乒乓球教学框架,并分析了微教育模式对乒乓球教学的影响。其次,对2个班级的乒乓球教学分别采用传统模式为微教育模式。实践结果表明,微教育模式全面提高了学生的乒乓球技能,使得学生在垫球、发球、正手攻杀、反手推挡、弧圈球、多回合球等技术上都有了较大进步。最后,给出了进一步推动乒乓球教学工作的3点建议。     

科研与教研结合在“材料化学”教学中的实践研究

教师创新教育能力与培养创造型人才有着必然的联系。把科研与教研实践于“材料化学”课程教学,实现了良好的教学效果。在教案中将科研与教研的结合具体化,并把教师的科研成果直接应用于实际的教学中,使学生的知识更加系统化,开阔了学生的视野,增大了学生的知识面;通过对科研方法及成果的了解,加强了学生的创新意识、创新精神和创造能力的培养。     

Response of tubers of five potato cultivars to co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 genotypes ofPhytophthora infestans

Summary The severity of late blight tuber rot in five potato cultivars (Green Mountain, Sebago, Dorita, AC Brador and Island Sunshine) resulting from inoculation with US-1/US-8 combinations of Canadian isolates ofPhytophthora infestans was evaluated. In addition, the potential for mixed (A1∶A2) inoculations to result in oospore formation was examined. In studies conducted in 1996 and 1997, cv. Dorita (and Island Sunshine in 1997) developed the least amount of surface or internal necrosis relative to the other cultivars following co-inoculation with US-1 and US-8 isolates ofP. infestans. Differences also were revealed among isolate combinations used for inoculation. The combination of a US-1 isolate from Prince Edward Island with a US-8 isolate from New Brunswick consistently produced the least amount of necrosis in tubers of the various cultivars. There was no evidence of oospore production in any of the tubers examined. AAFC Contribution No. 919     

Thermal preference and tolerance of green abalone Haliotis fulgens (Philippi, 1845) and pink abalone Haliotis corrugata (Gray, 1828)

The thermoregulatory behaviour of green abalone Haliotis fulgens and pink abalone H. corrugata was investigated. Haliotis fulgens juveniles ranging in wet weight from 3.0 to 3.3 g and from 28.7 to 30.5 mm shell length and of H. corrugata 2.0 g and 25.7 mm in shell length were exposed to 19°C for 30 days in a flow‐through water system. Temperature preference was determined in a horizontal thermal gradient and was found to be 25.4°C for green abalone and 25.0°C for pink abalone. Displacement velocity was 4.3 cm h⁻¹ for H. fulgens and 12.8 cm h⁻¹ for H. corrugata. The optimum temperature for growth calculated for both abalone species was 24.6 and 24.5°C respectively. The critical thermal maxima (CTMax) of H. fulgens and H. corrugata were determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalones were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 1°C on 30 min until they detached from the substrate. The CTMax at 50% were 33.6 and 32.0°C for green and pink abalone respectively. The results are discussed in relation to site selection and commercial rearing.     

Probiotic microorganisms and antiviral plants reduce mortality and prevalence of WSSV in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured under laboratory conditions

The protective effect of a probiotic mixture (PM) and antiviral plants, against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei , was evaluated in three experiments. The PM was composed of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and one yeast strain. The plant mixture was composed of Ocimum sanctum and commercial antiviral plants (VPH^®, HSV^®). Shrimp in each experiment (weighing 2.7±0.7, 11.5±1.3, 11.70±2.5 g) were cultured in 120-L plastic tanks and fed twice a day with commercial feed plus additives (plants or bacteria and yeast). Animals were monitored for the occurrence of WSSV by single-step and nested PCR. The PM and powdered antiviral plants added to the commercial feed showed an increase in survival and a decrease in the prevalence of WSSV in shrimp. The results showed that both the PM and the powdered antiviral plants can provide protection for shrimp against WSSV.     

我国西番莲的研究状况浅析

采用文献计量分析方法,通过对近30年在刊物上发表的有关西番莲研究文献的类型、年限分布、刊物分布等方面进行计量分析研究,以揭示我国西番莲的研究现状。     

扬麦14号群体动态对产量结构的影响分析

通过试验资料分析得出:除退化小穗与各生育阶段苗情的线性相关性没有通过显著性检验外,其它穗粒结构指标与不同生育阶段苗数都已通过相关检验。可通过数值模拟分析,确定一个苗数区间,更有利于实际生产管理和应用。     

水稻条纹叶枯病暴发成因与治理对策

通过近几年的研究和防治实践,在2006年栽培制度和气候条件适宜,灰飞虱大发生的情况下,通过综合应用各项控虫防病措施,麦田、水稻秧田、移栽大田全程用药,有效扑了灭灰飞虱的危害,控制了条纹叶枯病的发生流行。     

Cryopreservation effects on the sperm quality of cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818)

The effects of straws volume, cryoprotectants and thawing temperatures were evaluated on the sperm quality of cachama blanca Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier), an important Colombian fish species. Sexually mature fish were induced to ovulation or spermiation with a carp pituitary extract. A pool of suitable sperm samples was diluted in glucose, egg yolk, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO‐10%), methanol (MET‐10%) or ethylene glycol (ETG‐5%) and packed in 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mL straws and frozen in nitrogen vapour. The thawing process was performed in a 35 or an 80 °C water bath. The fertility was evaluated after 6 h post fertilization. The highest motility percentage (33 ± 3%) was observed with sperm cryopreserved with DMSO, packed in 5 mL straws and thawed at 35 °C. The treatments with DMSO and MET packed in 0.5 and 5.0 mL straws and thawed at 35 °C showed the highest fertility (higher than 71%) and the lowest fertility was obtained with MET‐2.5 mL (9 ± 5%). In all the treatments, a significant decrease in the sperm quality was observed at 80 °C. Sperm cryopreserved with DMSO‐10% or MET‐10%, packed in 2.5 or 5.0 mL straws are suitable to achieve acceptable fertilization and to fertilize high amounts of eggs.     

Accuracy of pairwise methods in the reconstruction of family relationships, using molecular information from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Many estimators and algorithms have been developed to infer the genealogical relationships from molecular marker data when there is no pedigree information. Most pairwise methods provide estimates in a continuous range that needs to be converted into genealogical relationships (namely full-sibs, half-sibs and unrelated) if there is a previous knowledge of the population structure. Transformations are usually based on arbitrary thresholds, but the possibility of correcting the coancestry estimates via explicit pedigree reconstruction methods has been suggested. Using molecular data for ten highly polymorphic microsatellite loci on a population of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) with a known genealogy, the behaviour of four pairwise marker-based coancestry estimators and the molecular coancestry has been evaluated. The population consisted on 138 families with 4 full-sib individuals each and one family with 8 full-sib individuals (up to 15 half-sib families were also present due to the sharing of parents between some of the full-sibs families). Our results suggested that transforming the pairwise estimators and the molecular coancestry to family relationships through the establishment of thresholds performs slightly better than the explicit pedigree reconstruction method, when accuracy is measured in a pairwise basis. However, if joint relationships between more than two individuals were tested at a time, the threshold methods led to a high percentage of incongruous triads of full-sib individuals, with Mendelian incompatibilities appearing in congruous full-sib families (more than 70% and 60% in our study, respectively). The explicit pedigree reconstruction approach, due to its nature, is free from such problems. Therefore, the pedigree reconstruction approach seems to be a valuable tool to provide a congruent and compatible pedigree when the pairwise marker-based coancestry matrices or the molecular coancestry need to be transformed.