青贮玉米混合青贮研究进展

玉米是我国重要的青贮饲料来源,蛋白质含量较低是制约其饲喂价值的主要问题。混合青贮可通过原料间成分的互补性以及发挥微生物的互作效应实现青贮饲料营养品质的均衡与提升。本文综述了玉米与高蛋白牧草、副产品和青贮添加剂混贮的研究进展,分析了现阶段的优势与不足,展望了我国玉米混贮未来的研究方向,为我国玉米混贮应用提供参考。     

打顶时期和留叶数对山东烤烟上部叶生长发育的影响

为探究打顶时期与留叶数对山东烤烟上部叶生长发育的影响,以中烟100为材料,设置6个不同的打顶时期与留叶数处理,并对上部叶农艺性状、光合特性、碳氮代谢、衰老特性、烤后烟叶化学成分、感官评吸质量及经济性状进行了分析。结果表明,同一打顶时期,多留叶有利于抑制成熟后期上部叶强盛的光合能力,留叶18及20片处理有利于上部叶开片,后期抗氧化酶及NR活性较低,NI活性较高,落黄较快,烤后烟叶化学成分协调,经济性状优良。初花打顶以留叶20片处理品质较好,盛花打顶以留叶18片处理品质较好。同一留叶水平以初花打顶烟叶长宽比适宜,叶面积较大,开片较好,烟叶感官品质较好。综合来看,以初花打顶、留叶20片处理上部叶农艺性状较优,化学成分协调,感官质量较好。     

Soil drought duration and severity affect cotton boll biomass by altering recovery times and carbon dynamics of subtending leaf

Drought appears at flowering and boll formation for cotton frequently. However, reports on the impact of carbon dynamics in the subtending leaf on boll biomass under periodic droughts are limited. To investigate this, experiments were carried out with two cultivars (drought-tolerant: Dexiamian 1; drought-sensitive: Yuzaomian 9110), three water levels [soil relative water content (SRWC): control (75 ± 5)%, moderate drought (60 ± 5)%, severe drought (45 ± 5)%] and five drought durations (10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days). A 38-day drought declined the net photosynthetic rate of subtending leaf, which could be collectively attributed to the reduction in carboxylation with reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and stomal limitation with decreased stomatal conductance, along with the damage of photosynthetic apparatus with depressed maximum and actual photochemical quantum yield, leading to lower starch content. A 38-day drought also increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (Susy) and expressions of genes (GhSPS1, GhSPS2, GhSusA and GhSusB) associated with these enzymes, causing the accumulation of sucrose content, finally resulting in lower boll biomass. Some of the above parameters fully recovered under more than 17-day moderate drought or over 10-day severe drought, but boll biomass still decreased after re-watering. Under 10-day moderate drought, all aforementioned indices and boll biomass were completely recovered within 7 days of re-watering, and the recovery capacity of Yuzaomian 9110 was lower than that of Dexiamian 1. Therefore, rapid recovery of photosynthesis and decline in the subtending leaf sucrose content to pre-stress levels are important factors in lessening the impacts of drought on boll biomass and are indicative of cultivar tolerance to short-term moderate water deficit.     

Optimization of differentiated regional land development patterns based on urban expansion simulation—A case in China

The advancing global urbanization puts great pressure on the society and ecosystem, especially in developing countries. Reasonable land-use policies adapted to local conditions are the key issues to prevent disordered urban expansion. Multi-scenario simulation provides a new perspective for differentiated policy formulation based on regional heterogeneity. Regarding the Shaanxi Province, a rapid urbanized area with high spatial heterogeneity in western China, as the study case, we tracked its past land-use changes and predicted the characteristics of urban expansion using the Future Urban-Regional Environment Simulation model. We found that (1) during the past 35 years, built-up land evidently increased accompanied by the loss of cropland, grassland, and unused land. (2) The urban expansion mainly will occur in the areas with flat terrain under three scenarios. (3) The urban expansion will transit into the “requiring land from mountains” pattern in the future, which means that it will gradually spread to areas with higher slopes. (4) Differentiated and optimal development patterns are proposed for different subregions by accounting the loss of ecosystem service in the procedure of urban expansion. This research can help local governments formulate differentiated future macro control of territorial spatial planning to optimize subregional land development.     

Human capital agglomeration,institutional barriers,and internal migration in China

This paper investigates how human capital agglomeration interplays with institutional factors to affect migration destination choice in China. Over the last decades, China has experienced massive internal migration, substantial human capital investment, and the relaxation of its hukou system, thus providing us with a valuable opportunity to examine the role of human capital externality in migration choice. Based on rich data on province-to-province migration flows for different education and hukou groups, we find that migrants in China, especially highly educated and urban-to-urban migrants, have a strong preference to move to provinces with a high agglomeration of human capital. Further examination reveals that low-skilled migrants in China are less likely to benefit from human capital agglomeration because of their lower ability to overcome hukou restrictions. Our findings raise the concern that labor migration under the skill-biased hukou system would enlarge China's regional disparities in human capital and economic development.     

Theory of RBV-Competitive Advantage of the Stock Company

China's stock market enters a stage where the competition's rules as well as the competition's environment are changing continuously,Under such circumstances,to gain the competition advantages is of vital importarce to the existence and development of China's stock companies themselves. As a result, the stock companies should have a thorough analysis of the RBV theory at present, and evaluate its applicability to China's stock companies, Then they should come up with some reformational measures,aiming at improving the competition advantages of domestic stock companies. There fore they are able to make measonable use of the company's resources and accomplish the organic unity combination of the company's valued resources and its strategic administration. These are the key measures used by stock companies to gain the competition cedvantges.     

Design of Information Technology Application System for Automotive Industry

The situation and the future of the automotive industry information construction is shown in this paper. The significance of Chinese automotive industry information construction is discussed,and the technology base and system structure is also described. The function and the structure of information system by one application of marketing plotting system in one automobile factory's E-commerce are introduced.The important significance for develop and research of product and strategic decision is shown by building market demand information system.     

A New Method for Parameterized Design of Metallic Doors and Windows

According to the graphics characteristics of metallic doors & windows design and based on the research of graphics dimension restriction problems. This paper provides a new method for parameterized design of metallic doors & windows in virtue of expression solution. In this method, the restrictions of graphic elements have been changed into the parameter expressions of sizes and positions of graphic elements. Through the calculation of such expressions, the parameter driven method has been reached. Thus the parameterization of graphics can be easier and quicker than before. It can be used to setup the open parameterized graphics libraries.     

Research On Flying Animation System Driven by Data

Larger quantities of data about flight performance and flight condition are recorded by flight data recorder (FDR) during the aircraft's flying. It is an importance task to make 3D flying animation from the data on the process of flight data. The design ideas and realizing methods about the software of flying animation system driven by the data from relation database are presented.     

3种共同危害沙棘的害虫的空间分布格局研究

沙棘是中国干旱和半干旱地区水土保持林中的重要树种,陕西省吴起县人工种植的沙棘受到钻蛀害虫沙棘木蠹蛾、红缘天牛和食叶害虫栎黄枯叶蛾的共同危害。为研究3种害虫的危害特性,利用地统计学方法分析不同受害程度沙棘纯林内沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫、红缘天牛幼虫及羽化孔、栎黄枯叶蛾茧的空间分布特性。通过全方向的变异函数曲线图分析得知,不同受害沙棘纯林中沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫、红缘天牛幼虫及羽化孔、栎黄枯叶蛾茧均呈聚集分布。其中,沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫、红缘天牛羽化孔的空间依赖范围在重度受害林分中为5.900和7.800 m,低于轻度受害林分的10.460和12.290 m,而局部空间连续性在重度受害林分中为63.7%和73.3%,高于轻度受害林分的51.0%和69.1%,其余虫态的空间依赖性和局部空间连续性在不同受害林分中近似。由空间分布图和相关性分析得出,栎黄枯叶蛾茧的分布具有边缘效应,与其余2种钻蛀性害虫的分布没有显著的相关性;红缘天牛幼虫的分布与红缘天牛羽化孔及沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫的分布无显著的相关性;沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫的分布与红缘天牛羽化孔的分布具有显著的正相关性。基于变异函数和相关性分析,笔者探讨了沙棘上栎黄枯叶蛾、红缘天牛及沙棘木蠹蛾三者之间的危害关系,明确了沙棘木蠹蛾与红缘天牛是偏利共存的关系,为实现综合管理提供理论依据。