Role of mitotic inhibitors and genotype on chromosome doubling of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rosa</Emphasis>

Dinitroanilines represent a class of compounds that are widely used in herbicide formulations as they depolymerise plant microtubles, causing chromosome doubling. The potential of microtubule depolymerising herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling of Rosa was studied. Five concentrations (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 μM) and three exposure periods (12, 24 and 48 h) for each of the compounds were compared. Oryzalin, trifluralin and APM were not significantly different in their ability to induce chromosome doubling of R. hybrida cv Iceberg. At concentration of 6 μM and exposure period of 24 h, chromosome doubling of R. hybrida cv Iceberg was not significantly different with each of the polyplodising agents. At higher concentration (24 μM) and longer exposure period (48 h), 66.7% and 62.5% chromosome doubling was achieved with APM and trifluralin, respectively. However, the application of 6 μM oryzalin to R. persica (2n = 2x), R. hybrida cv Iceberg (2n = 3x) and R. hybrida cv Akito (2n = 4x), resulted in 60.0%, 6.3% and 0% chromosome doubling, respectively, which suggest that chromosome doubling is genotype dependent and plants with lower ploidy level have a higher propensity for chromosome doubling. Flow cytometry results at 18 and 24 weeks after herbicide treatment, indicated that the best time to test the treated plants was after 24 weeks.     

Grain filling and yield of mung bean affected by salicylic acid and silicon under salt stress

Two experiments were carried out in 2013 and 2014, to investigate changes in grain filling rate (GFR), grain filling duration (GFD) and yield of mung bean in response to salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) under salt stress (0, 3, 6 and 9 dS m^?1). In experiment 1, four levels of SA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM), but in experiment 2, two levels of SA (0 and 1 mM) and Si (0 and 2 mM) were applied. In experiment 1, GFR, GFD, yield components, biological and grain yields and harvest index were decreased with increasing salt stress. Application of different levels of SA, especially 1 mM, increased GFR, but decreased GFD. In experiment 2, GFD under salinity was shorter than that under non-saline condition, resulting in comparatively smaller grains. Application of Si and particularly SA accelerated grain development under all salinity treatments. The superiority of SA treated plants in GFR, grain weight and grains per plant resulted in greater grain yield per plant under saline and non-saline conditions.     

Estimation of Rice Evapotranspiration Using Reflective Images of Landsat Satellite in Sefidrood Irrigation and Drainage Network

More accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration(ET_c)in a regional scale has always been one of the most important challenges.Temporal and spatial monitoring of ET_(c )using satellite images can help to enhance accuracy of estimations.In this study,the(ET_c)_(rice) maps were produced by using statistical/experimental methods based on crop coefficient(K_c)maps derived from vegetation index(Ⅵ).K_c was estimated using four methods,including linear relationship between K_c and Ⅵ(K_c-Ⅵ),calibrated model of K_c-Ⅵ,linear relationship between K_(cb)(the basal crop coefficient)and Ⅵ(K_(cb)-Ⅵ),and calibrated model of K_(cb)-Ⅵ.The results showed that calibrated model of K_c-Ⅵ had a better performance compared to the other methods,with normalized root mean square errors(NRMSE),mean absolute error and root mean square error being 5.7%,0.05 mm/d and 0.06mm/d,respectively.(ET_c)_(rice) maps were produced by using calibrated model of K_c-Ⅵ and reference evapotranspiration(ET_0)from FAO Penman-Monteith method.The NRMSE was 21.3%for using FAO Penman-Monteith method.Therefore,calibrated K_c-Ⅵ model in combining with ET_0 based on the Landsat 7 ETM+images could be provided a good estimation of(ET_c)_(rice) in regional scale,and can be applied to estimate water requirement due to the free and facilitate access.     

Tree species composition,biodiversity and regeneration in response to catena shape and position in a mountain forest

We examined the variation in woody plant species composition, regeneration and biodiversity in relation to topographic heterogeneity, specifically catena shape (V and Λ) and slope position (summit, shoulder, back slope, foot slope and toe slope). All research took place at the TMU Experimental Forest Station, located in northern Iran. Two sets of replicated quadrats were established along transects that encompassed the different catena shapes and positions. We recorded the density, height, and canopy cover of all trees ≥12 cm diameter at breast height within 30 quadrats (400m²), as well as the density of all tree regenerations within 120 quadrats (4m²). In addition, three measurements of biodiversity were calculated for both mature trees and regenerations. Mature tree species composition varied greatly with catena shape and slope position, as did that of regenerating trees. Despite differences in species composition, the various measurements of biodiversity were consistent across the landscape for mature trees, whereas significant variation in evenness was detected for regenerating trees. We concluded that the broad matrix of environmental conditions occurring within this rugged mountainous area generates a variety of microhabitats, which in turn contributes to both the variation in species composition and the consistent biodiversity of these forests.     

Effects of mycorrhiza inoculation on cucumber growth irrigated with saline water

This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on complete randomized design (CRD) to study the effects of mycorrhiza inoculation density on cucumber cv. Super N3 irrigated with different salinity sodium chloride (NaCl) levels. Treatments were mycorrhiza inoculations; M1 (non mycorrhizal plant), M2 and M3 (mycorrhiza inoculations with 1000 and 2000 spores) and saline water was provided by S1, S2, S3, and S4 (control, 50, 75, and 100 mM NaCl) with 4 replications. The results showed that saline water reduced root, shoot, and fruit weights, and increased proline and electrolyte leakage. Photosynthesis rate, stomata and mesophyll conductance significantly decreased with increased NaCl concentrations. Mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores increased fruit fresh and dry weights, proline and electrolyte leakage, and both mycorrhiza inoculations increased root and shoot dry weights, photosynthesis and stomata conductance. Root volume increased by mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores under non-stress condition, and root length was stimulated by both mycorrhiza inoculations at all saline water levels. Fruit fresh and dry weights were enhanced by mycorrhiza inoculation with 1000 spores at all saline water levels. Photosynthesis rate was reduced by saline water stress and mycorrhiza inoculation stimulated photosynthesis rate. Mycorrhiza inoculation with 2000 spores increased transpiration under saline and non-saline conditions. Proline content of cucumber leaves increased under saline water application. Electrolyte leakage increased by saline water and mycorrhiza inoculation could not improve it. Both mycorrhiza inoculations (1000 and 2000 spores) at all salinity levels, and mycorrhiza inoculation with 1000 spores at 100 mM NaCl enhanced fruit weight, photosynthesis, and proline content of the cucumber leaves.     

Radiosensitivity and repair kinetics of gamma-irradiated leukocytes from sporadic prostate cancer patients and healthy individuals assessed by alkaline comet assay

Background: Impaired DNA repair mechanism is one of the main causes of tumor genesis. Study of intrinsic radiosensitivity of cancer patients in a non-target tissue (e.g. peripheral blood) might show the extent of DNA repair deficiency of cells in affected individuals and might be used a predictor of cancer predisposition. Methods: Initial radiation-induced DNA damage (ratio of Tail DNA/Head DNA), dose-response curves and kinetics of DNA repair in leukocytes from healthy volunteers and prostate cancer patients were assessed using alkaline comet assay after exposure to ⁶⁰Co gamma rays. Results: Results showed that higher levels of baseline and gamma rays induced DNA damage in leukocytes of prostate cancer cases than in controls. A similar dose response was obtained for both groups. After a repair time of 24 h following in vitro irradiation, samples from the healthy individuals showed no residual DNA damage in their leukocytes, whereas prostate cancer patients revealed more than 20%. Although similar initial radiosensitivity was observed for both groups, the repair kinetics of radiation induced DNA damage of leukocytes from prostate cancer cases and healthy subjects were statistically different. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that men affected by prostate cancer may have a constitutional genomic instability. Key Words: Leukocytes, DNA damage, Radiosensitivity, Prostate cancer, Comet assay     

《中国学术期刊影响因子年报》系列数据库首发式的北京召开沙雅县胡杨林土壤可培养细菌的多样性分析

[目的]了解新疆沙雅县胡杨林土壤可培养细菌的多样性.[方法]沙雅县胡杨林采集土壤样品,采用两种不同的培养基(LB,TSA)分离纯化细菌,并对它们进行16S rDNA测定和系统进化分析.[结果]分离纯化不同表型的57株细菌.对它们16S rDNA序列分析表明,57株菌分别属于3个大类群厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobacteria),13个属,33个种;芽孢杆菌属是优势细菌种群,它占已测种群的67.2;.其中6株菌M28,M13,CT3,YS30-1,CM5,CL19初步被认为是潜在的新种(16S rDNA相似率为96.780;～97.961;).[结论]沙雅县胡杨林可培养细菌不仅具有比较高的多样性,并存在一些潜在的新的细菌菌种资源,极具进一步发掘的潜力.     

新疆库米什金矿土壤可培养细菌的多样性分析

[目的]了解新疆库米什一处金矿土壤可培养细菌的多样性及建立菌种资源库.[方法]采集库米什金矿土壤样品,采用两种不同培养基(LB,TSB)分离纯化细菌,对其进行形态观察(菌落及细胞)、生理测定、16SrDNA测序和系统进化分析.[结果]从两种培养基上总共得到50株细菌,根据基于16S rDNA的系统进化分析表明,50株菌分别属于3个大类群:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes ),放线菌门(Actinobacteria),γ-变形菌纲(γ-Proteobaeteria),12个属,30个分类单元.其中芽抱杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势细菌种群,占已测种群的63.3;.菌株L10-5与Bacillus foraminis (AJ717382)有96.463;的相似率,可能为潜在新种.[结论]库米什金矿土壤可培养细菌具有较高的多样性,存在潜在新菌种资源,值得进一步研究.     

Electrophotographic printing of fabrics: Investigating the effect of fabrics on color reproduction

Fabric printing systems are essentially needed nowadays and should meet the requirements of manufacturers. Digital electrophotographic (Xerographic) printing has the potential of meeting these requirements. Digital electrophotography printing is affected by several parameters, including printer and substrate type which determine the final printed color gamut and the quality of reproduction. To examine these effects, we performed different tests on a number of printed common fabrics. The gamut volume was generated by Eye-One spectrophotometer, ProfileMaker, and ColorThink software. The results indicated that all fabrics cannot be printed with electrophotography. Also, the gamut volume of the printed fabrics was low. Properties of different types of fabric were investigated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometer, and fabrics-specific tests (fastness).