Computed tomography or rhinoscopy as the first-line procedure for suspected nasal tumor: A pilot study

There are no evidence-based guidelines as to whether computed tomography (CT) or endoscopy should be selected as the first-line procedure when a nasal tumor is suspected in a dog or a cat and only one examination can be performed. Computed tomography and rhinoscopic features of 17 dogs and 5 cats with a histopathologically or cytologically confirmed nasal tumor were retrospectively reviewed. The level of suspicion for nasal neoplasia after CT and/or rhinoscopy was compared to the definitive diagnosis. Twelve animals underwent CT, 14 underwent rhinoscopy, and 4 both examinations. Of the 12 CT examinations performed, 11 (92%) resulted in the conclusion that a nasal tumor was the most likely diagnosis compared with 9/14 (64%) for rhinoscopies. Computed tomography appeared to be more reliable than rhinoscopy for detecting nasal tumors and should therefore be considered as the first-line procedure.     

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.     

中国江豚的分类

本文根据中国各海区和长江产江豚的外形性状差异显著,对Pilleri and Gihr将中国沿海和长江的江豚命名为独立种Neophocaena asiaeorientalis以及江豚属包含三个种的论点提出异议,作者认为中国江豚应为三个亚种,即指名亚种Neophocaena phocaenoides phocaenoides主要分布于南海;扬子亚种N.p.asfaeorientalis主要分布于东海和长江,北方亚种N.p.sunameri主要分布于黄海和渤海。     

温度和相对饵料丰度对海蜇水母体生长的影响

本文在实验室条件下,盐度为20‰时就温度和相对饵料丰度对海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye)水母体生长的影响进行研究。温度设6个梯度组(16℃,20℃,24℃,28℃,32℃、变温),同时对应4级饵料丰度(20℃组设7级),通过测定海蜇水母体日生长率得出海蜇水母体生长的最适温度,最佳有效饵料丰度及变温组的适宜饵料丰度,并在20℃条件下,得出水母体平均日生长率(Y)与相对饵料丰度(X)的关系式:Y=9.43-2.69(1 X~-),从理论上推算出水母体平均日生长率的最大值为9.34%及停止生长(或出现负生长)时的饵料丰度为0.285次/日。实验用逐步逼近方法得到海蜇水母体致死的上限温度为34℃。     

渔船发展动向及节能型渔船

本文分析了我国渔船发展的动向,报道了8170、8171两型拖网渔船采用的节能措施及其船池试验结果。     

枸杞海藻场生态系统能量流动模型初探

海藻场是近岸典型生态系统,系统结构特殊,生物资源丰富,能流结构复杂且特征明显。本研究应用生态通道模型(Ecopath),构建枸杞海藻场生态系统能量流动模型,并做简单分析,通过对营养级、各级流量、生产量、系统总特征等方面的分析,结合海藻场自身生态系统特点,初步评估了海藻场生态系统状况,并探讨了其形成机制,得出枸杞海藻场内鱼类平均营养级为3.425,最高营养级为3.628,系统营养级较低。枸杞海藻场生态系统的总初级生产力为每年11 604.00 t/km2,枸杞海藻场生态系统总能量转换效率为12.7%,可以看出枸杞海藻场内初级生产力很高,转换效率也非常高,为藻场内生物资源提供了保障。枸杞海藻场生态系统的P/R比值是1.247,较同海区人工鱼礁生态系统和东海区平均水平更接近1,说明枸杞海藻场生态系统处在比较成熟,相对比较稳定的状态。     

广玉兰叶片化感物质的抑藻活性及GC-MS分析(英文)

[目的]研究广玉兰叶片化感物质的抑藻活性和种类。[方法]在活性测试的基础上利用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析和GC-MS等方法,结合抑藻试验对广玉兰叶片提取物进行了铜绿微囊藻抑制活性物质的分离纯化和结构鉴定。[结果]广玉兰叶片浸取物在浓度8g/L的条件下对铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效果最高可达97.4%;其正丁醇提取物中含有大量的抑藻活性物质,能够对铜绿微囊藻起到很好的抑制效果;这些具有抑藻活性的物质主要为小分子的醇类、酮类和酯类。[结论]为新型藻类抑制剂的开发提供了新思路。     

Attitudes and concerns of French veterinarians towards pain and analgesia in dogs and cats

OBJECTIVE: To compare the attitudes of French veterinarians to pain, and their provision of analgesia to animals, with that reported from other countries. STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiological study. METHODS: In June 1999, 379 French veterinarians were surveyed to ascertain their views on pain evaluation and control in dogs and cats, and their use of analgesics in daily practice. Survey results are expressed as a percentage of responses. RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 189 veterinarians (49.9%). The response rate was influenced by age (younger veterinarians were more likely to respond) but not gender. A majority (99.5%) expressed moderate to extreme concern over pain in their patients. Pain evaluation was based on the animal's attitude (88.3% dogs, 82.5% cats), interaction with the caregiver, response to palpation of the painful area (66.5% dogs, 62.7% cats) and inappetence (29.3% dogs, 46.3% cats, p < 0.001). Only 14.3% of respondents considered their knowledge of pain recognition to be inadequate. Many (58.8%) considered their methods of pain quantification and control (47% dogs, 59% cats) to be inadequate. Difficulties in recognizing pain (58.3%), a lack of knowledge in the appropriate use of analgesics (41.7%) and fear of drug side effects (30%) were used to explain inadequate provision of analgesia. Only 16.1 and 8.1% used opioids in dogs and cats, respectively. This low level of use resulted from the imposition of French narcotic legislation (79.9%) and lack of knowledge of opioid pharmacology (73.7%). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids were the most commonly used analgesics in both species (100% (dogs) and 96.7% (cats)). The most popular NSAID used in France was tolfenamic acid, followed by meloxicam (dogs), ketoprofen, nimesulide (cats) and carprofen (dogs). The type of surgery performed influenced the use of analgesics, from 17.2% for castration to 83.7% for orthopaedic procedures. Nonsurgical conditions believed to warrant analgesia included osteoarthritis (97.8%), trauma (97.3%) and bone neoplasia (93.4%). Female veterinarians were more likely than males to evaluate pain and provide analgesia. CONCLUSION: French practitioners demonstrate a level of interest in analgesia, which appears to be at least equivalent to that reported from English-speaking countries. The signs used to indicate the presence of pain do not, in general, appear to differ. Excessive confidence in their ability to recognize pain (despite a general ignorance of the subject), the minor role of animal health technicians in pain management and misconceptions about analgesics (mainly opioids) are French pecularities.     

温度、盐度和光照对海蜇足囊萌发的影响

形成足囊是海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye)螅状幼体无性生殖的方式。但已形成的足囊,有的可萌发为新的螅状幼体,有的则不萌发乃致死亡。为探讨足囊的萌发机制,了解海蜇在自然条件下的种群数量变动规律,作者首先就温度、盐度和光度等环境因子对足囊萌发的影响进行观察,温度实验在0°—30℃范围内分7组,实验结果表明:10℃以下(包括℃)足囊不萌发;15℃—30℃范围内,足囊萌发率随温度升高而增加,25℃和30℃时足囊萌发率最大,为23.33%(实验进行22天)。盐度实验是在20°±1℃温度下,在盐度2～32.1‰范围内分16个梯度,每梯度又分别设黑暗与自然光两种光度水平,实验结果表明,盐度在8‰以下(包括8‰)足囊死亡,足囊萌发的最适范围为18～22‰,在盐度为22‰黑暗条件下,足囊萌发率最高为43.33%(实验进行24天),黑暗有利于足囊萌发。