不同分层土壤对锌的吸附解吸特性

为探究重金属锌在不同分层土壤中的吸附解吸特性,了解锌在分层土壤中的迁移规律,试验通过批量平衡试验,分析了锌在4个分层土壤(耕作层、犁底层、心土层、母质层)中的吸附解吸行为。结果表明:各分层土壤对锌的吸附动力学过程包括快速吸附、慢速吸附、吸附平衡3个阶段,准二级动力学方程对吸附过程的拟合效果优于准一级动力学方程,Langmuir方程能更好的拟合4种分层黑土对锌的等温吸附过程,4种土壤分层对锌的吸附能力由大到小的顺序为耕作层、犁底层、心土层、母质层,是因为随着土壤深度的增加,土壤有机质质量分数逐渐减小,4种分层土壤对锌的吸附能力逐渐降低。吸附热力学试验表明,随着温度的升高,各分层土壤对锌的吸附量均逐渐增大,ΔG<0(ΔG为吉布斯自由能的变化),ΔH>0(ΔH是标准焓变),ΔS>0(ΔS是标准熵变)说明了4个分层土壤对锌的吸附过程为自发、吸热、无序的过程。Zn的解吸量与吸附量呈正比,最大解吸量随着剖面深度的增加而减小,且均存在滞后效应。N、P质量浓度的增加,可以提高土壤固定Zn的能力,减小Zn对土壤农作物、地下水的重金属危害。     

高地钩叶藤材薄壁细胞壁主要化学成分的微区分布

为构建棕榈藤材薄壁细胞壁结构模型,扩大棕榈藤材的用途、提高棕榈藤材的利用率,以高地钩叶藤为研究对象,在藤茎高2 m处截取试样,经软化、聚乙二醇包埋、切片、硼氢化钠(NaBH4)溶液浸泡、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪逐点扫描、获取光谱数据、分析.研究结果表明:薄壁细胞的次生壁(S)上纤维素的集团数量比最高,复合胞间层(CML)的纤维素集团数量比次之,而细胞角隅(CC)处纤维素的集团数量比最低;次生壁外部(SⅠ)、中部(SⅡ)和内部(SⅢ)3个形态区纤维素的集团数量比差别较小;CML与SⅡ处纤维素集团数量比没有差别.CC处的木质素集团数量比最高,CML次之,S上的木质素集团数量比最低.SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ3个形态区木质素集团数量比差别较小,SⅡ木质素集团数量比小于CML.S层上的半纤维素集团数量比最高,CML次之,CC处集团数量比最低.薄壁细胞壁上纤维素、半纤维素集团数量比由高至低依次是S、CML和CC,而木质素集团数量比分布相反.SⅠ、SⅡ和SⅢ3个形态区域纤维素集团数量比、木质素集团数量比差别均较小.     

典型喀斯特区云南松林土壤养分和细菌群落对海拔的响应

以中国西南典型喀斯特区云南松林地为研究对象,采用方差分析、冗余分析和高通量测序等方法,探究土壤养分与细菌群落组成和多样性对不同海拔的响应,为该地区石漠化治理工作和生态系统植被恢复提供参考依据。结果显示:随海拔升高,土壤全碳、全氮、全磷含量呈现先增大后减小的趋势;土壤全钾含量在海拔1 900 m处最高,在海拔1 600 m处最低;土壤速效氮和速效磷含量在海拔1 600 m处最高,分别在海拔1 300 m和海拔1 900 m处最低;速效钾含量在海拔1 900 m处最高,在海拔1 600 m处最低。Chao1指数、Shannon指数随海拔升高先增大后减小,而Simpson指标随海拔升高先减小后增大。在门分类水平上,优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteus)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinomycetes)和绿弯菌门(Curvularia),分别占比33.37%、24.40%、19.82%、12.06%。其中,变形菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度总体随海拔升高先增多后减少,而绿弯菌门的总体变化趋势与之相反。放线菌门在海拔1 600 m的相对丰度最大,其余海拔的相对丰度无显著差异。在纲分类水平上,优势类群包括α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteriia)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、δ-变形菌纲(Deltaproteobacteria),分别占比18.46%、12.72%、7.88%、5.13%。其中,α-变形菌纲、γ-变形菌纲的相对丰度总体随海拔升高先增大后减小,酸杆菌纲的总体变化趋势与此相反,δ-变形菌纲在不同海拔梯度下无明显变化趋势。土壤pH值,及全碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮和速效磷含量与细菌多样性显著(P<0.05)相关,是细菌群落组成变化的主要驱动因子。     

2008―2021年新疆审定长绒棉品种主要性状演变分析

为全面了解近年新疆育成长绒棉品种的特征特性,对2008―2021年新疆维吾尔自治区主要农作物品种审定委员会审定的43个早中熟长绒棉品种和4个当前待审品种的主要性状演变情况进行分析.结果表明:2012年以来审定品种的铃重较之前明显增加,普遍在3.40 g以上;衣分总体表现较为平稳,皮棉产量受气候环境等因素影响波动较大;纤...     

平鲷胚胎发育及仔,稚,幼鱼的形态观察

本文介绍以人工繁殖所获得的平鲷受精卵进行孵化,培育的结果。连续观察并描述该种鱼的胚胎发育过程及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态。     

胜利原油对渔业生物致油臭试验研究

通过试验给出了对虾、鲈鱼、毛蚶和文蛤四种渔业经济生物不同受试天数的油臭阈限值,并指出受试天数越短,油臭阈限值越大;受试天数越长,油臭阈限值越小,油臭阈限值与渔业生物的受试天数呈负相关关系。     

禽源致病性沙门氏菌四环素耐药性基因tetC的PCR扩增及序列分析

通过对临床分离并经生化试验和血清学试验鉴定的20株禽源沙门氏菌和1株标准株C79—13进行药敏试验．结果证明：有19株有高耐药性．另外2株有低耐药性，耐药率达100％；对其四环素耐药基因tetC进行了PCR扩增，结果获得以质粒为模板的特异性产物，与药敏试验符合率为100％；利用PCR检测四环素，耐药基因tetC具有很高的敏感性和特异性．从而为禽类致病性沙门氏菌的耐药性检测提供了高效敏感的手段。     

Influence of oral co-administration of a preparation containing calcium and magnesium and food on enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics

The objective of this study has been to determine the influence of food and ions on the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in turkeys, administered per os at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.). Co-administration of ENRO with ions or with food significantly retarded its absorption, and the interaction was more pronounced when the drug was given together with food. The bioavailability of ENRO was 65.78 ± 7.81% and 47.99 ± 9.48% with ions and food, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) in plasma of animals exposed to ions reached 0.87 ± 0.26 μg/ml in a t_max of 2.07 ± 0.76 h; in animals which were fed while medicated, the analogous parameters were 0.36 ± 0.13 μg/ml and 8.06 ± 3.08 h. The PK/PD analysis demonstrated that a decrease in the concentration of ENRO in turkeys’ blood due to the interaction with ions or food might impair the drug's clinical efficacy toward some pathogenic microorganisms in turkeys if a routine dose of 10 mg ENRO/kg b.w. is administered.     

Specific contrast ultrasound using sterically stabilized microbubbles for early diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in a rabbit model

Specific contrast ultrasound is widely applied in diagnostic procedures on humans but remains underused in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of microbubble-based contrast for rapid ultrasonographic diagnosis of thrombosis in small animals, using male New Zealand white rabbits (average weight about 3.5 kg) as a model. It was hypothesized that the use of microbubble-based contrast agents will result in a faster and more precise diagnosis in our model of thrombosis. A pro-coagulant environment had been previously established by combining endothelial denudation and external vessel wall damage. Visualization of thrombi was achieved by application of contrast microbubbles [sterically stabilized, phospholipid-based microbubbles filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) gas] and ultrasonography. As a result, rapid and clear diagnosis of thrombi in aorta abdominalis was achieved within 10 to 30 s (mean: 17.3 s) by applying microbubbles as an ultrasound contrast medium. In the control group, diagnosis was not possible or took 90 to 180 s. Therefore, sterically stabilized microbubbles were found to be a suitable contrast agent for the rapid diagnosis of thrombi in an experimental model in rabbits. This contrast agent could be of practical importance in small animal practice for rapid diagnosis of thrombosis.     

杜氏藻对盐度的生理反应

1987年从天津汉沽盐场盐池分离培养了数个杜氏藻品系。1989年对其中盐生杜氏藻878和绿色杜氏藻876进行了盐度(分波美度3°、5°、10°、15°和20°5组)试验,试验水温为25±1℃,光照强度约40001x,光照时间10:14(L:D),N∶P∶Fe=20∶2∶1ppm。结果为最大生长量和最大生长率在波美度10°组。盐生杜氏藻878在波美度3°下,藻细胞呈绿黄色,5°和10°下为绿色,15°下为桔黄色,20°下为桔红色。绿色杜氏藻876,在所有的试验盐度下均为绿色。两个品系的细胞大小均随盐度增加而变小。从高盐度(20°Be′)接种到低盐度(3°Be′)适应较快。从低盐度(2.5°Be′)到高盐度(15°Be′)适应较慢。