黄土坡面结皮对土壤水稳性团聚体的稳定性和可蚀性的影响

为了探析微地形下土壤受雨滴打击后产生的结皮类型及团聚体组成差异。通过人工模拟降雨,研究坡面不同位置的结皮土壤水稳性团聚体分布特征、稳定性以及土壤可蚀性的变化情况。结果表明：（1）土壤水稳性团聚体以大团聚体（粒径>0.25 mm）含量为指标,原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮>0.25 mm粒级的水稳性团聚体分别占37.28%、43.58%、36.69%、40.34%;（2）以降雨历时5 min为例,原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮的水稳性团聚体的破坏率分别为：51.49%、46.00%、62.76%、51.02%;（3）原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮的水稳性团聚体的平均重量直径分别为：0.15、0.20、0.14、0.17 mm;（4）原状土、结构结皮、沉积结皮、过渡带结皮土壤可蚀性K值的大小分别为：0.223、0.200、0.229、0.205。微地形下产生结皮差异使得水稳性团聚体分布有所区别,因此土壤水稳性团聚体稳定性和可蚀性存在差异。     

浅议农业科研单位固定资产如何计提折旧

文章针对农业科研单位固定资产折旧作了初步分析,从固定资产计提折旧的重要性、计提方法、会计核算及存在的问题等方面进行了一些探讨。     

Regulatory effect of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate supplementation on ergosterol production in Hericium erinaceus mycelia

We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid(SA) and methyl jasmonic acid(Me JA)supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control(p \ 0.01). Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.     

济宁市兖州区农机安全现状与对策

通过对济宁市兖州区农业机械的基本情况、事故伤害情况进行分析,给出了相对应的建议与对策。      

砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)RcRab基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

本研究以砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)为材料,从砂藓干旱处理转录组数据库中筛选获得小G结合蛋白基因Rab的mRNA序列,通过RT-PCR法扩增,得到RcRab基因的CDS序列,并对其进行了生物信息学分析。结果表明,该基因c DNA全长为1171 bp,包含636 bp的开放阅读框,编码211个氨基酸。预测该基因有Rab家族的保守结构域-G结构域。RcRab蛋白分子质量为23.29 kD,理论等电点为5.76,具有亲水性,不属于跨膜蛋白且不存在信号肽。进化树分析表明,RcRab蛋白质与小立碗藓(Physcomitrella patens)Rab蛋白质亲缘关系最近。本研究可为进一步探索RcRab基因在苔藓植物中的抗旱机制提供数据基础。     

砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)抗旱相关基因RcAOS2的克隆及表达分析

丙二烯氧化物合酶(allene oxide synthase, AOS)是茉莉酸合成途径中关键酶,在茉莉酸合成中具有重要的作用。本研究在砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)干旱胁迫转录组数据中发现一个干旱胁迫下表达量上调的AOS基因,将其命名为RcAOS2,我们对RcAOS2的开放阅读框进行了克隆及相关的生物信息学预测分析,并对RcAOS2在砂藓快速脱水和复水过程中的表达量变化进行了检测。结果显示,该基因cDNA全长1 474 bp,开放阅读框长516 bp。RcAOS2编码蛋白质的相对分子质量为4.36 kD,等电点为5.11,不稳定系数为55.02,为不稳定蛋白质;脂肪系数为19.19;RcAOS2蛋白质疏水性较强,属于疏水性蛋白质,存在信号肽,不属于跨膜蛋白质。系统进化分析表明,RcAOS2蛋白质与其他物种AOS蛋白质亲缘关系较远,是具有AOS序列特征的新类型。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明RcAOS2基因在砂藓干旱和复水过程中呈现差异性表达,推测RcAOS2可能参与砂藓的干旱胁迫响应和复水回复过程。本研究成果为进一步研究砂藓抗旱基因功能提供理论基础和备选基因资源。     

不同基质活性炭对阿特拉津吸附特性研究

为了解决阿特拉津给土壤带来的污染问题以及寻找吸附效果较好的活性炭基质,本研究利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测了阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液经煤、木、果和竹质4种生物炭处理后的残留量,并对其在阿特拉津溶液和土壤中的吸附动态进行检测。结果表明,煤质活性炭对初始浓度为100 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液的吸附效果较好,其吸附率为5.651%~68.42%;当阿特拉津初始浓度为100 mg/L时,煤质活性炭在40 min时对阿特拉津溶液的吸附率高达23.49%;与对照组相比,当阿特拉津的初始浓度为100 mg/L时,土壤中阿特拉津经煤质活性炭处理42天后的残留浓度最低,活性炭吸附率达到91.39%。综上,煤质活性炭能有效降解溶液及土壤中阿特拉津含量,这将为阿特拉津污染土壤的改良研究奠定基础。     

Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures

The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUE_i. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor.     

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

Comparative Characterization of Enzymatic Digestion from Fish and Soybean Meal from Simulated Digestive Process of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis

The digestive process of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, was simulated through two phases of in vitro digestion: acidic digestion with porcine pepsin, followed by alkaline digestion with pancreatic crude extract (PCE) obtained from the PBT to hydrolyze fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) as protein substrates. The crude protein from FM resulted in a lower degree of hydrolysis (73.3%) compared with SBM (79.2%). However, the resulting digested products showed that FM contained 35% more small peptides, with sizes <6.5 kDa than those from the starting material (>150 kDa). The SBM had an increase of only 1.3% in the similar peptide cut‐offs found after hydrolysis. These results suggested that FM appeared to be a better source of protein according to the amount of low‐molecular weight peptides. In addition, the proteolytic activity of PCE showed that 88.9% of its alkaline proteolytic activity corresponded to trypsin and 2.9% corresponded to chymotrypsin activity. The results shown here demonstrate that peptide sizes are important in identifying suitable protein sources for aquafeed production to reinforce the primary results obtained from the in vitro digestibility using the pH‐Stat system. These results also contribute to a better understanding of the digestibility process in aquatic organisms.