Etude sur l'extraction de la vanille par les ultra-sons

Summary In view of a preliminary investigation of liquid-solid extraction by means of Ultra-sonic waves, the effects of 300, 500 and 2000 kHz insonation was tried, using 50° alcohol and vanilla beans.The experimental results were calculated on a 12 hours extraction base, with a 250 ml Kumagawa.Our experiments have shown that an extraction efficiency of 94%, after 12 min. insonation, can be obtained, but that this efficiency seemed, in our particular case, to be closely correlated with the moisture content of the sample.Besides, the classical extraction in a Kumagawa showed, that such acquired caracters, as increased percentage in vanillin and oleoresines obtained after an ultrasonic irradiation remained stable.

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Zusammenfassung Ein Versuch wurde angestellt, Vanille-Extraktion mit Hilfe von Ultraschallwellen durchzuführen.Frequenzen von 300, 500 und 2000 kHz mit Intensitäten von 3,4–13 W/cm² und Extraktionsdauer, von 3–12 Min., wurden dazu verwendet.Die erzielten Ergebnisse haben deutlich gezeigt, dass unter günstigen Versuchsbedingungen, nach 12 min. Beschallung 94% einer klassischen Extraktion von 12 Stunden mit dem Apparat nachKumagawa, erzielt werden kann.Es scheint jedoch, dass in diesem besonderen Falle die Wirksamkeit der Extraktion vom Feuchtigkeitsgehalt des Vanillenmusters abhängt.Von grossem Interesse ist der Befund, dass der erhöhte Vanillinund Oelsubstanzen-(Oleoresine) Gehalt, der beschallten Vanille-schoten, stabil ist.Hiermit werden neue und interessante Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dieser neuen Wissenschaft in der Zukunft eröffnet.

     

Effect of Experience on Adrenocortical and Thyroid Responses of Arabian Horses to Gymkhana Games

Gymkhana is an equestrian event consisting of speed pattern racing and timed games for riders on horses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of gymkhana competition on total cortisol and total and free iodothyronine changes in 23 Arabian purebred horses, by taking into account the effects of previous sport experience on gymkhana riding events. Compared with pre-competition values, an increase of total cortisol concentration has been observed in experienced horses at 30 minutes (P < .001) after exercise and in inexperienced horses both at 5 minutes (P < .05) and at 30 minutes (P < .01) after exercise. Compared with pre-competition values, an increase of total triiodothyronine (T₃) concentration has been observed in experienced horses at 5 minutes (P < .05) after exercise. Data obtained showed that gymkhana riding events induced differential adrenocortical and thyroid responsiveness according to previous experience of sport horses. Hence, cortisol and iodothyronine patterns may provide additional information for the monitoring of gymkhana riding performance.