《青海畜牧兽医杂志》（1992—1998）论文及作者统计分析

用文献计量方法对《青海畜牧兽医杂志》国内外公开发行后７年间所刊载的论文及其作者进行了统计分析与探讨。主要项目有：论文数量及年度分布、论文学科内容分布、论文地域分布、论文机构分布、单位平均产文量、论文合著率、作者数量及地区分布、作者系统及单位分布、作者个人发文量、作者及单位合作度等。另外还确定出《杂志》１９９２～１９９８年的核心作者和核心单位。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。     

Genetic components of heat stress in finishing pigs: development of a heat load function

The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of heat stress during the life of a pig on its final weight, as a first step toward a genetic evaluation for heat tolerance. Data included carcass weights of 23,556 crossbred pigs [Duroc x (Landrace x Large White)] raised on 2 farms in North Carolina and slaughtered from May 2005 through December 2006. Weather data were available from a nearby weather station. Lifetime of a pig was assumed to be partitioned into 2 periods. During an initial period, the effect of heat stress was assumed to be negligible or compensated for later. During the second period ending in slaughtering, the ADG was assumed to be affected linearly by heat load. Weekly heat load was calculated as degrees of average temperature-humidity index in excess of a threshold (18 degrees C). The total heat load (H) was the sum of weekly heat loads during the second period. During the months of January to May H was 0; H reached a peak in September. The final BW during the peak of heat stress decreased about 6 kg compared with BW during months of non-heat stress. Weekly and monthly averages of carcass weight generally moved similarly to H. However, there were large fluctuations unrelated to H; the fluctuations were different on the 2 farms. The model included the effects of farm-year of slaughter, sex, age at slaughter, and H, where age at slaughter and H were linear regressions. In analyses, the threshold was varied from 16 to 20 degrees C, and the second period was varied from 8 to 16 wk. The greatest R(2) (10.4%) was at the threshold of temperature-humidity index = 18 degrees C for a period of 10 wk. Varying the threshold and the length of time reduced R(2) less than 1%. Least squares means of year-month and year-week of carcass weight were calculated using a model with the fixed effects farm-year-month or farm-year-week of slaughter, sex, and age at slaughter (linear covariate), and the random effect of birth litter. Changes in BW of finisher pigs due to heat stress can be quantified by H during the last 10 wk of the life of the pig.     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。     

乳源性生长因子和初生动物胃肠道生长发育的关系

对３ 种主要乳源性生长因子： 表皮生长因子, 胰岛素样生长因子和胰岛素的结构、性质、主要功能、可能的作用机制及目前的研究进展进行了综述。３ 种生长因子都可以在初生动物胃肠道中相对稳定地存活, 对动物胃肠道生长发育、消化道粘膜细胞的增殖和分化及消化酶的产生均有不同程度的促进作用。     

对奶牛胎衣不下的认识和处理

本文结合本场的生产实际，讨论了母牛胎盘的特点，胎衣不下的症状与诊断；着重讨论了本病的发病率及其影响因素，并将病因分析、归纳成一个示意图；最后综述了多项治疗和预防胎衣不下的措施，如灌服羊水，注射激素，用维生素A、D、E和亚硒酸钠，灌服中药，手术剥离以及电刺激等。     

饲喂不同比例小叶章日粮对奶牛瘤胃干物质降解率的研究

本文采用拉丁方实验设计,利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术,测定适宜期收获的小叶章牧草占粗饲料不同比例时其干物质(DM)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率。结果表明：饲喂不同比例小叶章牧草时DM在奶牛瘤胃降解率依次为42．3％、46．7％、44．5%。测试结果证明,当小叶章牧草占日粮粗饲料25％比例时其对奶牛的饲用价值较高。     

急性感染肝片吸虫水牛的某些免疫反应研究

本实验选用12头体重为300－500kg，年龄2－3岁的雄性去势水牛，经粪便检查和Dot-ELISA检测确认为无肝片吸虫感染后，随机分为感染组（n=9）和对照组（n=3）。感染组每头水牛1次性经口感染1600个肝片吸虫囊蚴。实验期间由专人饲养，自由采食青干草和饮水。每周定时颈静脉采血，测定外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应、白细胞介素－2（IL－2）水平、T和B淋巴细胞比例、IgG水平以及血清蛋白总量和比例。结果表明：感染组水牛的T淋巴细胞刺激指数在感染后2－8周高于对照组，但刺激指数和IL－2与对照组均无显著性差异。感染组水牛的外周血T淋巴细胞比例从感染后第1周显著下降，以后一直在低于对照组水平波动，而淋巴细胞从感染后第1周开始显著升高，且一直在高于对照组范围内波动。感染组水牛的α-球蛋白、β－球蛋白与对照组相比均无显著性差异，而白蛋白从第5周开始显著下降，以后维持在低于对照组的水平范围波动；γ－球蛋白从第5周显著高于对照组，以后于对照组范围波动。感染组水牛的抗ES抗原（分泌－排泄抗原）的IgG抗体水平从第2周升高，并持续至实验结束。结果提示：体液免疫应答反应是水牛抗肝片吸虫感染的重要机制。     

东祁连山高寒草甸灌木和牧草营养成分含量季节变化动态

比较分析了高寒草甸和灌丛草甸中分布的几种优势牧草和灌木的营养成分，发现灌木蛋白质含量高，利用价值大，是一种重要的蛋白质饲草资源。     

农村养蚕小窍门

笔者已多年从事蚕桑生产,深入蚕户,积累了许多有用的经验,供广大蚕农借鉴。1“防尘口罩”的制作很多蚕农都知道,杀灭病原,严防蚕病发生,关键是消毒严格、彻底。但在蚕体蚕座使用防僵粉或鲜石灰粉时,灰尘很大,气味刺鼻,所以常常草草了事。要使药物撒周到,很简单,就是把平常用的口罩用水打湿后再用,粉粒就会粘附在口罩上,并且气味也减小了。2经济、实用的熟蚕自动上蔟登蔟剂现有很多蚕农推广熟蚕自动上蔟,这样可以节省劳力和时间。目前农村养蚕用于熟蚕自动上蔟的登蔟剂最常用的有两种,即樟脑丸和鲜腥草(俗名侧耳根),它们都有一种特殊的气味,…