Protocol: High-throughput and quantitative assays of auxin and auxin precursors from minute tissue samples

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The plant hormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), plays important roles in plant growth and development. The signaling response to IAA is largely dependent on the local concentration of IAA, and this concentration is regulated by multiple mechanisms in plants. Therefore, the precise quantification of local IAA concentration provides insights into the regulation of IAA and its biological roles. Meanwhile, pathways and genes involved in IAA biosynthesis are not fully understood, so it is necessary to analyze the production of IAA at the metabolite level for unbiased studies of IAA biosynthesis. RESULTS: We have developed high-throughput methods to quantify plant endogenous IAA and its biosynthetic precursors including indole, tryptophan, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The protocol starts with homogenizing plant tissues with stable-labeled internal standards added, followed by analyte purification using solid phase extraction (SPE) tips and analyte derivatization. The derivatized analytes are finally analyzed by selected reaction monitoring on a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS) to determine the precise abundance of analytes. The amount of plant tissue required for the assay is small (typically 2--10 mg fresh weight), and the use of SPE tips is simple and convenient, which allows preparation of large sets of samples within reasonable time periods. CONCLUSIONS: The SPE tips and GC-MS/MS based method enables high-throughput and accurate quantification of IAA and its biosynthetic precursors from minute plant tissue samples. The protocol can be used for measurement of these endogenous compounds using isotope dilution, and it can also be applied to analyze IAA biosynthesis and biosynthetic pathways using stable isotope labeling. The method will potentially advance knowledge of the role and regulation of IAA.     

烟气脱硫废弃物在盐碱地土壤改良中的应用研究进展

综述了烟气脱硫废弃物在盐碱地土壤改良中的应用研究,包括烟气脱硫废弃物的来源、性能,脱硫废弃物改良碱性土壤的原理、施用技术和方法,讨论了脱硫废弃物改良盐碱地的作用效果及其对土壤环境和食物安全的影响,并对今后的进一步研究提出了展望。     

黄土丘陵区山坡道路防蚀措施设计与效益分析

针对黄土丘陵区山坡道路侵蚀问题,提出了以工程措施和林草措施相结合的山坡道路防蚀工程配置方案、布设原则等,包括工程措施中路面起拱,路边布设蓄水池、蓄水窑窖和截水沟等配置方案和路面种草的草种选择.多年野外实地调查与路面路段监测的结果表明,工程示范路段蓄水池、窑窖和植物措施的综合配置使山坡道路侵蚀模数减少了40%～82%.植物措施示范路段在次暴雨强度下较裸露地面道路侵蚀模数减少了58%～70%,径流减少了50%～69%.路面起拱、蓄水槽、窑窖、截水沟、植物措施的综合配置可以有效地防止山坡道路侵蚀.     

广西壮族自治区土地生态安全与乡村振兴协调性的时空特征

[目的]分析2010—2020年广西壮族自治区土地生态安全与乡村振兴发展水平及其协调性的时空特征,旨在促进土地生态安全保护和提高乡村振兴发展水平,使二者相互促进协调发展。[方法]以广西地区14个市为研究对象并构建指标体系,运用综合测度水平与耦合协调度模型进行分析。[结果](1)研究区土地生态安全水平随着研究时间的推移呈现上升的发展态势;(2)乡村振兴发展水平总体呈先下降后上升的态势,但各城市的发展水平不尽相同;(3)协调度呈“升降不一”式的变化,协调水平呈东、西部向中部,内陆向沿海,中部向北部协调水平逐渐升高的趋势分布,刻画出“东西低,南北高”的发展格局;(4)根据14市划分所属的区域类型,应采取不同的发展方式与发展重心。[结论]广西壮族自治区土地生态安全与乡村振兴协调水平发展不稳定,后续应加强低水平协调区的土地生态安全与乡村振兴融合发展,并与惠政策、惠民生、促发展等举措相结合,提高二者协调水平,同时要稳定成熟区两系统间的协调发展,以防出现滑落的迹象。     

鸡TRAF6基因外显子区功能性SNP预测与分析

采用生物信息学方法筛选鸡TRAF6基因中的功能性非同义单核苷酸多态性(nsSNPs)位点.从dbSNP数据库中检索出TRAF6基因的8个nsSNPs,利用生物信息学软件PROVEN、SIFT、PhD-SNP和SNAP2分别对nsSNPs进行功能性预测;使用I-Mutant2.0和Mupro对突变位点氨基酸的稳定性进行预...     

藜蒿食用品质的影响因素探讨

藜蒿又名芦蒿、香艾蒿.菊科,蒿属,系多年生草本植物,主要以嫩茎作为食用器官,其茎秆清香、鲜美、脆嫩可口.藜蒿含有大量的矿质元素及蛋白质、碳水化合物、粗纤维、胡萝卜素与维生素等,具有较高的营养价值与药用价值.     

植物水分利用效率的影响因子研究综述

在概述植物水分利用效率(WUE)及其层次和测定、计算方法的基础上,介绍了影响植物WUE的内部因素(包括植物种类和品种、叶片解剖结构及生理生化特征等)和外部因素(包括气象、土壤、生物因素等),以及各自的作用机理,尤其是对气孔不均匀关闭、影响Δ13C在田间条件下表现较差的原因、冠层和叶边界层对植物WUE产生的效应及其作用原理进行了探讨,并提出了今后植物WUE研究的重点和方向。     

西北区域海外客源市场结构比较研究

文章从旅游客源市场的时间结构、空间结构和消费结构三个方面 ,对西北五省(区 )海外客源市场的结构特征进行了比较分析 ,并对存在的问题进行了简要解释。并且 ,作者在分析过程中对具体问题的解决 ,以及各省 (区 )和区域整体旅游业的发展提出了一些自己的建议。     

Identification and validation of a yield-enhancing QTL cluster in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Improvement of rice grain yield (YD) is an important goal in rice breeding. YD is determined by its related traits such as spikelet fertility (SF), 1,000-grain weight (TGW), and the number of spikelets per panicle (SPP). We previously mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for SPP and TGW using the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the crosses between Minghui 63 and Teqing. In this study, four QTLs for SF and four QTLs for YD were detected in the RILs. Comparison of the locations of QTLs for these three yield-related traits identified one QTL cluster in the interval between RM3400 and RM3646 on chromosome 3. The QTL cluster contained three QTLs, SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a, but no YD QTL was located there. To validate the QTL cluster, a BC₄F₂ population was obtained, in which SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a were simultaneously mapped to the same region. SPP3a, SF3 and TGW3a explained 36.3, 29.5 and 59.0 % of phenotype variance with additive effect of 16.4 spikelets, 6 % SF and 1.8 g grain weight, respectively. In the BC₄F₂ population, though the region has opposite effects on TGW and SPP/SF, a YD QTL YD3 identified in this cluster region can increase 4.6 g grains per plant, which suggests this QTL cluster is a yield-enhancing QTL cluster and can be targeted to improve rice yield by marker aided selection.