毛白杨纤维素合酶基因(PtoCesA1)的克隆及其在烟草中的遗传转化

克隆毛白杨纤维素合酶基因(PtoCesA1),全长为3 215 bp,与欧洲颤杨的PtrCesA1基因的同源性为97%,具有开放的阅读框,编码区在52～2 988碱基之间,为2 937 bp.构建PtoCesA1基因的全长正义植物表达载体为pBIPA1,经酶切和PCR鉴定确认载体构建正确.通过农杆菌介导的方法将pBIPA1表达载体转入烟草中,转基因植株的纤维细胞壁厚度和木质部厚度都有不同程度的下降,形态表征为植株明显变矮,叶片变小.     

不同因素对农杆菌介导的杉木转化效率的影响

以杉木试管苗靠近茎尖的茎段为受体材料,研究6个影响杉木遗传转化效果的因素,初步确定杉木茎段较为合适的转化体系为:预培养1～3 d,OD600 nm为0.1～0.4的菌液浸染10～15 min,共培养3～5 d,共培养基附加乙酰丁香酮(AS)80 μmol·L-1,共培养后延迟3 d筛选.在初次筛选培养基上共得到186个卡那霉素(Km)抗性芽,在二次筛选培养基上获得39个Km抗性芽.PCR检测有2个Km抗性芽呈稳定阳性,初步证明外源天麻抗真菌蛋白(GAFP)基因已整合到这2个Km抗性芽的基因组DNA中.     

日本北海道北部寒温带森林流域林冠层凋落物及其养分归还量的景观格局(英文)

Within a forested watershed at the Uryu Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University in northern Hokkaido, overstory litterfall and related nutrient fluxes were measured at different landscape zones over two years. The wetland zone covered with Picea glehnii pure stand. The riparian zone was deciduous broad-leaved stand dominated by Alnus hirsuta and Salix spp., while the mixture of deciduous broadleaf and evergreen conifer dominated by Betula platyphylla, Quercus crispula and Abies sachalinensis distributed on the upland zone. Annual litterfall averaged 1444, 5122, and 4123 kg.hm^-2·a^-1 in the wetland, riparian and upland zones, respectively. Litterfall production peaked in September-October, and foliage litter contributed the greatest amount （73.4%-87.6 %） of the annual total litterfall. Concentrations of nutrients analyzed in foliage litter of the dominant species showed a similar seasonal variation over the year except for N in P glehnii and A. hirsuta. The nutrient fluxes for all elements analyzed were greatest on riparian zone and lowest in wetland zone. Nutrient fluxes via litterfall followed the decreasing sequence： N （11-129 kg.hm-2.aq） 〉 Ca （9-69） 〉 K （5-20） 〉 Mg （3-15） 〉 P （0.4-4.7） for all stands. Significant differences were found in litterfall production and nutrient fluxes among the different landscape components. There existed significant differences in soil chemistry between the different landscape zones. The consistently low soil C：N ratios at the riparian zone might be due to the higher-quality litter inputs （largely N-fixing alder）.     

林业生态工程效益补偿问题研究初探

生态效益补偿对于促进林业生态工程建设、保护森林生产者和经营者的切身利益具有重要的作用.本文在分析国内外生态效益补偿现状的基础上,通过对建立森林生态效益补偿机制的必要性、原则、途径以及补偿标准等问题进行深入探讨,为进一步完善我国森林生态效益补偿机制提供科学依据.森林生态效益补偿资金的建立,不仅为森林资源管护提供稳定的资金来源,更是对森林生态效益价值的认可,从根本上解决了林业生态工程建设的动力和机制问题,将对中国林业和生态建设产生广泛而深远的影响.     

Concentration variations of several ions in stream after a wildfire

In May 2006, a high intensity wildfire occurred in Songling forest region in Daxing＇an Mountains, China. The concentration changes of eight ions （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, Br^-, NO3^- and SO4^2-） were measured in burned and tmbumed streams after fire from May to Oct., 2006. Results show that the most ions flux were higher in burned stream than that in unburned stream during the sampling period, and the greatest concentrations of most ions transported from burned stream occurred in July. After fire, the most amplitude chemical ion was Ca^2＋, whose average concentration was 5.50 mg·L^-1 higher than that in unburned stream, and the total concentration of every chemical ion presents a trend Ca^2＋〉SO4^2- 〉Na^＋〉Mg^2＋〉NO3^- . The average concentrations of Ca^2＋, SO4^2- , Na^＋＇Mg^2＋,NO3^- showed an increase trend, but those of K^＋, Cl^- , Br had a decreased trend. SO4^2- had the largest loss among these anions, followed by NO3^-. Overall, the increase degree of cation was greater than that of anion after burning.     

科研创新平台建设的实践与思考 ——以北京市农林科学院为例

农业科研创新平台对于农业科研院所提高科技创新能力具有重要意义.文章以北京市农林科学院为例,阐述了该院科研创新平台建设的基本情况、主要做法与成效,并分析了存在的问题,提出了从增量向量质并举转变、从成果显示向创新要素转变、从建设硬件向建设软件转变、从关注条件建设向关注人才建设转变等加强科研创新平台建设的对策与建议.     

大通河上游高寒草甸植物群落的退化特征

采用样方法对祁连山区大通河上游不同退化程度高寒草甸植物群落进行调查,分析了该草地群落结构、物种多样性和草地生产力。结果表明,该类草地由24科51属60多种植物组成;随着草地退化程度的加重,草地优势种由高山嵩草（Kobresia pygmaea）向细叶亚菊（Ajania tenuifolia）过渡;中度退化草地的Shannon Wiener指数和Simpson指数均最高（P<0.05）;随草地退化程度的加剧,草地总盖度降低,禾本科和莎草科优良牧草生物量显著下降（P<0.05）,杂类草和毒草生物量上升,草地质量下降,生产力明显降低。     

凯氏定氮法测定饲料中粗蛋白含量的不确定度分析

<正>采用凯氏定氮法测定饲料中粗蛋白的含量,其测量不确定度来源包括样品称量、消化、定容、蒸馏、标准溶液标定及滴定等过程,通过对上述各因素的不确定度分量进行评估,计算合成不确定度,最终给出样品中蛋白质含量的标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。     

森林生物多样性价值会计核算研究综述

森林生物多样性价值会计核算是森林生物多样性保护与可持续利用的一项重要基础性工作.文中总结了国内外森林生物多样性价值会计核算的相关研究情况及存在的问题, 以期为进一步的理论研究及实践提供条件和依据.     

澳大利亚森林经营方案编制及借鉴

介绍了澳大利亚森林经营方案编制的有关情况, 分析了我国与澳大利亚在编制森林经营方案方面存在的差距, 借鉴澳大利亚的经验, 结合我国国情林情, 提出了如下建议: (1)提高方案编制质量; (2)要明确法律地位, 确保森林经营方案实施; (3)顺应改革的需求, 尊重经营者意愿; (4)加强编制方案人员业务培训, 提高其素质和水平。