羊驼AIF部分cDNA序列分析及其在不同毛色的表达定位

通过对已构建的羊驼皮肤cDNA文库进行筛选和ESTs分析,发现与其它动物AIF基因相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列,经序列分析证明命名为羊驼AIF基因序列,已经向Genbank提交。与其他动物（褐鼠、小鼠、人等）的AIF基因相应序列进行相似性比较,相似性分别为100%、91%、71.6%。运用免疫组化技术进一步研究该基因在羊驼皮肤中的表达和定位,结果显示AIF在羊驼毛囊的毛根、根鞘、毛球、毛乳头位置均呈阳性表达,且棕色皮肤比灰色皮肤表达量高,提示该基因可能和羊驼毛色形成或毛的生长相关。     

Effects of plastic film mulch and tillage on maize productivity and soil parameters

This paper determined the effects of mulching time for double furrows and ridges using plastic film on soil water status, grain yield of maize, soil quality, and economic benefits. The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area during two growing seasons of 2006–2007 with the following three treatments: (i) plastic film mulching at maize sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (CK); (ii) mulching applied 30 d before sowing with conventional tillage, and the film was removed at harvest (T1); and (iii) mulching at sowing with no-tillage, and the film left on the field after harvest in the first season and used for mulching in the second season (T2). The T1 in both years and T2 in the second year (2007) improved soil water content (in the 0–60 cm layer) and temperature (10 cm) at sowing compared with CK. After the two seasons, the soil water content was significantly higher in the 0–80 cm soil layer in CK and T1, and in the 0–120 cm soil layer in T2; however, it decreased significantly in 140–200 cm soil layer in CK and T1, compared to their initial values at sowing in April 2006, and there was no significant change in T2. The rainfall storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer during the non-growing season (late September 2006 to late April 2007) was 18.2 mm in CK, 34.0 mm in T1, and 59.7 mm in T2, and the rainfall storage in 100–200 cm soil layer was 16.5 and 18.6 mm higher in T2 than in CK and T1, respectively. In 2006, there were no significant differences in yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in all treatments. In 2007, the yield in T1 was significantly higher than in T2, but yields in T2 and CK were not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in WUE among treatments. Soil organic carbon (SOC) (0–20 cm) decreased in CK and T1, but increased (by 2.7%) in T2 at harvesting in September 2007 from the initial value of sowing in April 2006. The ratio of output to input was 1.32:1 for CK, 1.40:1 for T1, and 1.67:1 for T2 averaged across the two seasons. Therefore, T2 was a more sustainable model for increasing water storage, producing greater economic benefit and maintaining SOC balance for maize production in semiarid area.     

生物柴油Fe_2(SO_4)_3—Al_2O_3固体酸催化剂的制备

为了解决硫酸铁催化制备生物柴油过程中存在的回收难和部分溶于水等问题,制备了Fe2(SO4)3—Al2O3负载型固体酸催化剂。考察了负载量、焙烤温度、焙烤时间对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,负载量20%的催化剂在300℃下,焙烤超过4h,活性最高,延长焙烤时间对催化剂活性没有显著影响。对不同焙烤温度下的催化剂进行了扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射分析,结果显示300℃下,焙烤的催化剂具有最小的晶粒;超过300℃,催化剂上的Fe2(SO4)3组分开始分解。     

超声技术在食品杀菌及废水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了超声的定义和超声杀菌的机理。综述了近些年来超声在食品杀菌及废水处理领域的研究进展,重点阐述超声与其他技术结合使用的杀菌效果,并提出了超声在这些领域中的研究发展方向。     

库尔勒香梨保鲜状况及贮藏中的新问题

库尔勒香梨是新疆特色的传统优势梨,不少学者认为库尔勒香梨是瀚海梨和鸭梨的自然杂交种。近年来,它已成为中国香港、东南亚市场上具有较强竞争力的水果。但是库尔勒香梨在贮藏过程中存在很多问题,严重影响了其销售量和经济效益,大大降低了商品价值,带来了较大的经济损失。     

电化学酶传感器在有机磷农药残留检测中的应用

从识别有机磷农药的酶及识别机理、酶的固定化技术、酶固定化载体等不同角度,综述了有机磷农药电化学酶传感器的研究概况,并展望了其发展前景。     

壳聚糖单一及复合涂膜对葡萄保鲜效果的影响

研究壳聚糖单一及复合涂膜对葡萄贮藏品质和生理代谢的影响,以黑提葡萄为研究材料,用壳聚糖单一涂膜及壳聚糖与高良姜或茶多酚复配涂膜葡萄,室温贮藏,测定贮藏期间好果率、失重率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸(TA)和丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等的变化。结果表明,壳聚糖涂膜可以明显降低贮藏葡萄的呼吸代谢强度和水分的散失程度,降低TA含量下降的速度,增加葡萄好果率,并降低MDA积累量和SOD活性下降的速度,且壳聚糖和茶多酚或大蒜素复配涂膜处理的效果好于单一壳聚糖涂膜处理。因此,壳聚糖复合涂膜用于葡萄保鲜有较好的应用前景。     

湘南丘陵区红壤旱地红薯钾肥最佳用量与产量关系

为了寻求红薯的最佳钾肥施用量,提高钾肥利用率,笔者在湘南红壤丘陵区,设置钾肥5水平肥料效应田间试验,并采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的研究方法,分别测产,测定红薯养分含量以及土壤速效养分。试验结果表明:在钾肥施用量为225kg/hm2时,红薯的经济效益最高,每公顷的纯收入为9624.5元,增收率为47.7%,红薯的经济产量也较高,为19501.5kg/hm2,每公顷增产52.9%。同时,在该施肥水平下,整株红薯的氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量和钾肥利用率均最高,钾肥利用率达到15.6%。相反,在钾肥施用量为225kg/hm2时,0~20cm耕层土壤的速效养分含量和其他钾肥用量的处理相比较,均降低。综合考虑,在五个施钾水平中,笔者得出湘南丘陵区红薯钾肥的最佳施用量为225kg/hm2。     

甲醛的快速检测方法之研究

针对危害食品安全与生活环境的甲醛测定方法进行了详尽研究 ,提出了在不同产品中检测甲醛含量的快速、高效、合理的几种方法。     

玉米转Bt基因自交系的抗玉米螟特性鉴定初报

通过田间接卵和室内PCR分子检测,对采用回交法育成的Mo17Bt、478Bt、综3Bt和87-1Bt等4个转Bt基因自交系的抗虫性以及Bt基因的存在,进行鉴定.结果表明,4个转基因自交系群体的抗虫性明显提高,虫孔隧道长度比阴性对照平均缩短49.70%,差异达显著水平,但抗虫性不如阳性对照;群体内,单株间抗虫性仍存在差异,有高抗到高感不同类型,其