山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理现状

为了解山东省青岛市畜禽屠宰管理发展现状,优化管理政策措施,开展了畜禽屠宰管理现状调查。调查发现:青岛市肉食消费以猪肉为主,牛、羊、禽、兔肉为副;全市现有生猪定点屠宰企业20家,年屠宰量约220万头;家禽屠宰企业4家,年屠宰量2亿只;牛羊屠宰企业6家,年屠宰量2万头。通过对青岛市畜禽屠宰企业监管体系和追溯体系建设,以及无害化处理等内容进行调研分析,指出当前存在代宰模式隐患多、监管责任难厘清、规范管理待完善等问题,并由此提出严格代宰管理,探索"两检合一"措施,改善产品追溯体系,完善行业管理规定,引导健康消费及加大资金投入等发展建议。     

鸡贫血病雏鸡ND免疫后局部免疫组织抗体生成细胞变化

对感染鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）雏鸡新城疫（ＮＤ）疫苗免疫及其强毒攻击后局部免疫组织——盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ抗体生成细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测。结果发现,ＣＡＶ感染雏鸡ＮＤ免疫后７、１４、２８ｄ及新城疫强毒（ｖＮＤＶ）攻击后,上述免疫组织的三种抗体生成细胞数量均不同程度地低于未感染ＣＡＶ的ＮＤ免疫对照雏鸡。其中盲肠扁桃体弥散区的ＩｇＡ减少最为明显。表明ＣＡＶ感染雏鸡消化道和呼吸道局部免疫组织对新城疫疫苗的体液免疫应答功能降低。新城疫强毒攻击后ＣＡＶ感染ＮＤ免疫雏鸡的免疫保护率也明显低于未感染ＣＡＶ的免疫对照雏鸡。     

美康寿系列茶的研制

研制出美康寿1、2、3号茶,成品经品质审评、成份检测、安全试验和临床观察,表明该茶保持了茶叶应有风味,不含合成物质、安全可靠、保健效果良好,长期饮用,有利于人体健康。     

轮毂电机驱动电动汽车再生制动控制策略

在充分考虑电机转矩特性、电池耐受性、车速、理想制动力分配I曲线、ECE法规曲线等因素的情况下,兼顾再生制动回收效率及制动稳定性,基于制动强度Z的大小分配前后轴制动力,利用Matlab/Simulink建立控制策略模型、AVL Cruice建立整车模型,并与固定比例分配前后轴制动力的控制策略进行联合仿真对比分析。结果表明,本文控制策略保证制动安全与稳定的前提下有效提高制动能量的回收效率。     

不同纬度环境对马铃薯淀粉含量及淀粉品质的影响

将8个马铃薯品种分别种植在不同纬度的生态区,收获后分析纬度生态因子对淀粉含量和淀粉粘度指标影响.结果表明,马铃薯淀粉含量变化总趋势为东北和西北地区较高、华北地区较低.在40°06'N～48°04'N范围内淀粉含量随纬度升高逐渐增加.在同纬度地区,淀粉含量随海拔的升高而增加.淀粉粘度随纬度变化趋势与淀粉含量基本一致.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

Prediction of new low compressibility solids

An empirical model and an ab initio calculation of the bulk moduli for covalent solids are used to suggest possible new hard materials. The empirical model indicates that hypothetical covalent solids formed between carbon and nitrogen are good candidates for extreme hardness. A prototype system is chosen and a first principles pseudopotential total energy calculation on the system is performed. The results are consistent with the empirical model and show that materials like the prototype can have bulk moduli comparable to or greater than diamond. It may be possible to synthesize such materials in the laboratory.     

三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨群落空间自相关性研究

多尺度空间自相关性是土壤动物空间异质性和空间共存格局研究的重要基础。在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态实验站的农田内,以5 m为步长设置一个50 m×50 m的样地,结合全局Moran’s I和局部Moran’s I指数,研究地表、地下和地表—地下土壤螨群落多尺度空间自相关性特征。结果表明,地表和地下土壤螨群落的物种数量和平均密度均有显著差异。全局空间自相关性结果表明,除了地表螨群落,地下螨群落平均密度在8月(35~40 m)和10月(5~30 m)、地表—地下螨群落平均密度在8月(5~10 m和35~45 m)和10月(5~35 m)均有显著的多尺度全局空间自相关性,土壤螨群落中数量较多的优势和常见类群易形成明显的多尺度全局空间自相关性。局部空间自相关性结果表明,地表、地下和地表—地下螨群落及所有螨类的平均密度均存在显著的局部空间自相关性,形成"斑块"和"孔隙"并存的水平分布格局。本研究表明,多尺度全局空间自相关性是地下和地表—地下土壤螨群落的重要特征,群落和物种的平均密度均在局部地区形成"斑块"和"孔隙"并存的的水平分布格局。     

去除养殖水体悬浮颗粒的多向流重力沉淀装置设计及性能

为了高效去除循环水养殖系统中的固体悬浮颗粒物,研发了多向流重力沉淀装置,并对其水力特性及相关结构参数进行试验研究。该文以固体悬浮颗粒物去除率为试验指标,设计了5～40 min的水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time,HRT）及斜管填料规格参数的双因素试验。结果显示,随着HRT增加,多向流重力沉淀装置的固体悬浮颗粒物去除率呈显著上升的阶段性变化特征,但以HRT为20 min时沉淀装置的综合处理效果最优,最高平均去除率可达（58.57 %±10.12 %）,其中粒径小于20 μm的微颗粒去除率为19.5%,粒径大于60 μm的微颗粒去除率高达90.3 %;较小的斜管直径可显著提高多向流重力沉淀装置的固体悬浮颗粒物去除率,而斜管高度对去除率无显著影响。多向流重力沉淀装置用于去除循环水养殖系统中的固体悬浮颗粒物,是一种行之有效的方法。     

鉴别H5亚型两种分支禽流感病毒双重实时荧光RT-PCR方法的建立及应用

为准确区分H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支的毒株,通过对GenBank和GISAID数据库中发表的以及本实验室保存的H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列进行比对,设计1对特异性引物和2条探针,建立了区分H5亚型禽流感病毒不同分支毒株的实时荧光RT-PCR方法,并对该方法的反应体系和反应参数进行了优化,同时开展了特异性和敏感性试验,以及临床应用检测。结果显示:该方法具有良好的特异性,与其他亚型禽流感病毒及常见禽病病毒无交叉反应;对H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支毒株的检测灵敏度分别为495.0 copies/μL和22.3 copies/μL;100份临床家禽拭子禽流感病毒检测结果与常规RT-PCR和病毒分离检测结果一致,符合率为100%。结果表明,该方法特异、敏感、准确、耗时少,同时还可区分不同分支,可应用于H5亚型禽流感病毒的准确、快速检测。