修枝对欧美107杨木材生长量的短期影响

杨树具有早期速生、无性繁殖容易等优点,作为我国重要的造林树种,在速生丰产林建设中具有重要地位.欧美107杨(Populus×euramericana cv.'74/76')目前已在山东、河北等20多个省市进行了大面积的生产推广和应用,营建的人工林面积达6.67万hm2以上(张绮纹等,2003).     

广西城市道路绿化

通过对广西大部分城市行道树树种应用具有的优势以及存在的不足进行分析,从广西环境特征、行道树树种的特性等入手提出影响城市绿化树种选择的因素,并根据广西的具体情况针对性的提出城市道路绿化的可持续发展途径。       

Evolution of soil microbial biomass in restoration process of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations in an eroded environment

Vegetation recovery is a key measure to improve ecosystems in the Loess Plateau in China. To understand the evolution of soil microorganisms in forest plantations in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, the soil microbial biomass, microbial respiration and physical and chemical properties of the soil of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations were studied. In this study, eight forest soils of different age classes were used to study the evolution of soil microbial biomass, while a farmland and a native forest community of Platycladus orientalis L. were chosen as controls. By measuring soil microbial biomass, metabolic quotient, and physical and chemical properties, it can be concluded that soil quality was improved steadily after planting. Soil microbial biomass of C, N and P (SMBC, SMBN and SMBP) increased significantly after 10 to 15 years of afforestation and vegetation recovery. A relatively stable state of soil microbial biomass was maintained in near-mature or mature plantations. There was an increase of soil microbial biomass appearing at the end of the mature stage. After 50 years of afforestation and vegetation recovery, compared with those in farmland, the soil microbial biomass of C, N and P increased by 213%, 201% and 83% respectively, but only accounting for 51%, 55% and 61% of the increase in P. orientalis forest. Microbial soil respiration was enhanced in the early stages, and then weakened in the later stage after restoration, which was different from the change of soil organic carbon. The metabolic quotient (qCO₂) was significantly higher in the soils of the P. orientalis forest than that in farmland at the early restoration stage and then decreased rapidly. After 25 years of afforestation and vegetation recovery, qCO₂ in soils of the R. pseudoacacia forest was lower than that in the farmland soil, and reached a minimum after 50 years, which was close to that of the P. orientalis forest. A significant relationship was found among soil microbial biomass, qCO₂ and physical and chemical properties and restoration duration. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to artificially improve the ecological environment and soil quality in the hilly area of the Loess Plateau; a long time, even more than 100 years, is needed to reach the climax of the present natural forest. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(3): 909–917 [译自: 生态学报]     

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.     

我国食品中农药残留研究进展

随着人们安全健康意识提高,食品中农药残留问题更加受到重视,本文综述了样品预处理研究进展及农药残留快速检测技术研究进展,并简单分析介绍各种方法的优缺点。     

小兴安岭典型泥炭沼泽土壤水分物理性质研究

对小兴安岭5类典型泥炭沼泽土壤水分物理性质进行对比研究,结果表明:落叶松-杜香-泥炭藓沼泽土壤容重最小,非毛管孔隙最高,持水性最好;漂筏苔草沼泽和油桦-笃斯越桔-修氏苔草沼泽次之,修氏苔草沼泽和白桦-油桦-小叶章沼泽相对较差.落叶松-杜香-泥炭藓沼泽0～40 cm平均土壤容重为0.06g·cm-3,非毛管孔隙31.69%,总孔隙度高迭87.19%,平均土壤质量含水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量分别为1130.1%、1586.57%、1007.71%和882.70%,是对照林地的56.6倍、26.4倍、24.9倍和25.5倍.在5类泥炭沼泽中,白桦-油桦-小叶章沼泽0～40 cm平均土壤容重最高(0.74 g·cm-3),总孔隙度最低(62.02%),土壤各持水指标均最小,但其持水指标均显著高于对照林地.     

麻栎资源研究进展及开发利用对策

麻栎是我国传统的优良硬阔叶用材树种,也是一种重要的能源树种。从地理分布、生物学特性、苗木培育、造林经营管理和加工利用等方面总结了我国麻栎的研究进展,探讨了麻栎资源培育和开发利用存在的问题和今后研究的发展方向。     

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术探析

基于知识仓库的虚拟产品开发技术整合社会资源,利用web技术在不实际生产产品实物的情况下,利用模块化思想采用网络化并行设计,在产品设计初期就考虑到后续工艺和加工需求以及用户可能的附加要求,可缩短新产品开发周期。本文基于知识仓库,针对虚拟产品开发技术,分析虚拟产品技术的国内外研究现状,阐述虚拟产品开发技术的原理以及相关技术,构造虚拟产品开发的设计流程,并且基于Delphi8.0网络环境下构建基于知识的虚拟产品创新设计制造个人工作空间子系统。     

伊春市发展旅游经济研究

伊春市发展旅游经济的意义是有效地保护生态环境、充分发掘非林资源、拓宽产业链、增加就业门路 ,促进经济发展。伊春旅游经济目前存在的问题主要有管理体制尚未理顺、旅游形象不突出 ,旅游项目开发不充分、旅游产品档次低等。对此提出旅游经济开发与保护并重、产品多样化与重点开发相结合等原则及对策。     

Visual Foxpro中提高程序性能的技巧

在设计和运行应用程序时,一般都希望应用程序能够发挥最佳性能。本文介绍了在Visual Foxpro中提高程序性能的一些技巧。