中华鲟幼鱼循环饥饿后的补偿生长和体成分变化

研究中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼循环饥饿后的补偿生长和体成分变化。实验设4个循环饥饿组(T1:饥饿1 d,饱食投喂3 d;T2:连续饥饿2 d,饱食投喂4 d;T3:连续饥饿4 d,饱食投喂6 d;T4:连续饥饿7 d,饱食投喂8 d)和1个对照组(T0:每天饱食投喂)。结果显示:在水温21.5～25.4℃条件下,T1组末重和特定生长率均超过对照组,表现为超补偿生长;T2组末重和特定生长率均接近对照组,表现为完全补偿生长,T1、T2组食物转化率均显著高于对照组;T3、T4组实际摄食水平均明显高于对照组,但表现为不能补偿生长。4个循环饥饿组幼鱼肝体比及脏体比均显著高于对照组。各组肌肉蛋白质和脂肪含量下降,同时水分和灰分含量上升;从饥饿2 d组开始,蛋白质和脂肪含量显著低于对照组,且蛋白质含量比脂肪含量下降幅度更大。     

基于网络协同的造林作业设计系统研究

该文论述了基于辽宁数字林业核心平台建设的网络版造林作业设计系统。从实际出发,阐述了基于网络协同服务的造林作业设计系统的提出、建设基础、设计过程以及结论分析。为该系统下一步的需求更改、升级和相关业务系统的建设提供参考依据。     

北方寒地水稻粒穗连接力的试验与分析

脱粒是水稻、小麦等农作物收获中必不可少又至关重要的一道工序。联合收割水稻时总是存在脱粒损伤和带柄的问题,为后续的作业带来诸多不便。为此,针对这些影响因素,对北方常见的几种寒地水稻用OM-8650拉压机对水稻穗头主茎秆与枝梗、枝梗与粒柄以及籽粒与粒柄之间连接力进行测试。结果表明,不同的水稻品种、不同的生长部位、不同的含水率以及不同的受力方向对连接力都有影响。运用DPS数据处理系统建立水稻的含水率与连接力之间的关系模型,为确定最佳脱粒时间和设计脱粒滚筒奠定良好的基础。     

高钙日粮对青年蛋鸡肾脏中XOD基因mRNA表达的影响

选择35日龄伊沙蛋鸡100羽,随机均分为对照组（含钙1.00％）和高钙组（含钙3．78％）。于试验30d每组选取体质量相近的试验蛋鸡5羽,取肾脏样品,应用半定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应技术测定XODmRNA在肾脏中的表达水平。结果显示：高钙组肾脏中XODmRNA对β-actinmRNA的相对丰度显著高于对照组。说明高钙日粮可促进鸡肾脏的XODmRNA的表达。     

小流量与大流量滴灌带对大豆生长及产量的影响

本研究在一膜一管四行大豆膜下滴灌的栽培模式下采用小管径小流量φ12-1.6L/h滴灌带与常规大管径大流量φ16-2.8L/h滴灌带对膜下滴灌大豆进行了4个主要性状指标的综合分析和评价。结果表明,φ16-2.8L/h滴灌带在干物质积累、叶面积指数、群体光合势、产量等方面均高于φ12-1.6L/h滴灌带。     

Adaptability of various models of the water production function for rice in Jilin Province,China

The existing irrigation schedule of most rice-growing areas in Jilin Province is not in full compliance with the Water Requirements Law of the rice; these discrepancies affect the yield of rice to some extent. Thus, research on rice water regulations and selection of an appropriate water production function model (WPFM) is very important. In this study, according to the water demand characteristics of rice, we used drought treatments separately during the tillering, jointing booting, flowering, and milky stages. Evapotranspiration and yield data were obtained using a test pit experiment and production measurements in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Five commonly used WPFMs (the Jensen, Blank, Minhas, Stewart, and Singh model) were selected for this study, and the water sensitivity index of each model was calculated based on the evapotranspiration, yield, and the model equations. The Jensen model was found to be the most suitable WPFM for this region; furthermore, a mathematical relationship between the water sensitivity index and days after rice planting was established. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for guidelines regarding rice irrigation in Jilin Province.     

蜂花粉抗化学性肝损伤研究进展

近年来研究发现蜂花粉具有显著的保肝功效,国内外学者已对此开展了广泛而深入的研究。本文就蜂花粉及活性成分对化学性肝损伤(四氯化碳肝损伤、酒精性肝损伤、氨基半乳糖诱导肝损伤)的作用效果和作用机理等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其研究方向和前景进行展望。     

氨基葡萄糖调控仔猪初生重和均匀度的应用及机理

养猪生产中产（活）仔数和胎儿初生重是影响母猪繁殖生产效率的主要因素,但产仔数和初生重呈负相关关系,近年来母猪繁殖生产的研究重点之一便是如何提高仔猪初生重并降低初生重变异。氨基葡萄糖是一种饲料原料,其制作原料广泛存在于自然界中,近期研究发现氨基葡萄糖应用于母猪妊娠后期可调控仔猪的胎盘发育和初生重。文章介绍了近年来有关氨基酸和蛋白质、能量、功能性添加剂在调控仔猪初生重和均匀度中的应用及其效果,简述了氨基葡萄糖的性质、来源及合成方法,重点阐述了母猪妊娠后期使用氨基葡萄糖在维持胎儿果糖浓度稳定、促进母猪胎盘发育和改善胎盘功能等方面的效果,分析了氨基葡萄糖通过促进胎盘基质和胎褶双分子层发育、刺激胎盘滋养层细胞增殖、增强胎盘功能等途径调控胎盘发育、仔猪初生重和均匀度可能的机理;提出了氨基葡萄糖在调控仔猪初生重和均匀度方面未来的研究方向,以期为在生产实践中调控仔猪初生重和均匀度提供理论参考和实践依据。     

Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.     

高羊茅属4个品种萌发期耐盐能力的研究

以NaCl为胁迫因子,设置质量分数0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0% 6个盐分梯度,对4个高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea)品种在萌发期进行盐胁迫处理,分别观测盐溶液对相对发芽率、相对发芽势、根/茎、根长相对降低率等萌发指标的影响。结果表明,各品种相对发芽率、相对发芽势、根/茎随盐质量分数的增加而降低,根长相对降低率随盐质量分数的增加而升高。综合评比表明,凌志耐盐性最强,爱瑞3耐盐性最弱。