空中核爆炸对水稻的损伤及其恢复

在空中核爆炸的情况下,光辐射是损毁水稻的主要因素,光辐射可使三叶期、分蘖期水稻的叶片烧损、株高降低,其损毁程度随着距爆心距离的加大而减弱,叶片受到烧损仍然存活的植株,爆后可迅速恢复生长,叶片数、株高在较短时间内即可达对照水平,分蘖能力也不受影响。收获时大部分受损水稻的穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、平均单株分蘖数、     

复合磷酸盐对鲜切牛肉肌球蛋白凝胶保水性的影响

研究了焦磷酸钠(SAP)、三聚磷酸钠(STP)、六偏磷酸钠(HMP)及复合磷酸盐对牛肉肌球蛋白凝胶保水性的影响。结果显示,当复合磷酸盐中SAP,STP和HMP的质量比为2∶1∶1,添加量为0.2%时,可获得最佳的感官品质和较好的凝胶保水性,影响凝胶保水性因素的主次顺序为SAP>HMP>STP,且SAP和HMP对凝胶保水效果具有显著影响。     

施用膨润土对土壤含水量和有机质含量的影响

通过田间条件下砂滤管试验，研究了不同膨润土施用量及有机物料对砂土土壤含水量和有机质含量的影响。结果表明，施用膨润土和有机物料能显著地提高砂土土壤含水量和有机质含量，且二者存在明显的交互作用，差异达极显著水平，施用膨润土能明显增加土壤有机质的累积是，说明在施用同样有机物料的前提下，施用膨润土可有显著提高砂土土壤有机含量。     

硬粒小麦—簇毛麦双二倍体

从(T.durum×H.villosa)F₁的自交和自由授粉后代中,获得了兼具硬粒小麦穗形和簇毛麦护颖颖脊刚毛、叶片和叶鞘边缘茸毛和对白粉病免疫等双亲性状的结实性正常的植株。经细胞学鉴定,其2n=42,在花粉母细胞减数分裂中期 I(MI)有20.5个二价体,1个左右单价体,在80%左右的花粉母细胞中有21个二价体,对其自交后代连续3年、5个世代的鉴定结果表明,上述性状已基本稳定。用染色体 N——分带技术进行带型分析的结果证明,它是一个包含有硬粒小麦 A、B 染色体组和簇毛麦 V 染色体组的硬粒小麦——簇毛麦双二倍体 AABBVV.该双二倍体株高100—110厘米,穗长9—12厘米,每穗有20—24个小穗,每穗30粒左右,千粒重25—35克,籽粒蛋白质含量20%左右,对白粉病免疫,抗锈病,感染赤霉病。将它与普通小麦(T.aestivum)杂交,F₁植株的花粉母细胞在 MI 有14个左右二价体和14个左右单价体,自交结实率仅3%左右。但用普通小麦回交,结实率可逐代提高。在回交后代群体中,已分离出对白粉病免疫的植株,是一个可望在小麦育种计划中利用的新中间型材料。     

温室轴流风送药雾靶标沉积试验

为研究药液雾滴在温室靶区内和植株靶标上的沉积量及分布情况,以炮塔式压力雾化轴流风送高压静电喷雾系统为试验平台,在相同风机频率、喷雾压力和喷雾流量条件下,通过改变喷头高度和静电电压对风送药雾进行靶标沉积试验和分析.结果表明:沿风送轴线上距喷头150～200cm靶区内的药雾沉积量都出现一个沉积高峰区;随着静电电压的增大,植株靶标上的药雾沉积量明显增加,荷电后的药液雾滴在风送射程和喷幅内的靶标沉积率显著提高.根据实际喷施作业目标,合理布置喷头高度和调节合适电压,是增加靶标沉积率的重要手段.     

基于单片机的沼气发酵装置增温控制系统设计

北方沼气系统全年产气的关键是冬季加热增温问题.为此,以生物质炉为热源,通过对循环水的加热,用单片机控制加热水泵的增温系统,研究设计了系统的整体功能以及硬件和软件.该系统具有一定的智能性,保证了沼气系统在北方冬季时的正常运行,提高了产气量.     

基于DEA模型的家庭农场规模经营评价与分析

采用DEA评价分析方法,以2008年度辽宁省农业机械化年统计数据为基础,对72户典型机械化家庭农场经营的规模有效性与技术有效性进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,辽宁省多数机械化家庭农场既不存在显著的规模有效性,也没有显著的技术有效性,其中耕地面积在133.33hm2的家庭农场规模效益最好,实现了适度规模经营.     

Preparation of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites via <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide for biomedical applications

Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites were synthesized through a new route involving nano-sized HAP (nHAP) particles or modified nHAP mixed with monomer 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate via in situ polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed phosphate peak increased with nHAP content in composite. X-ray diffraction patterns of PHEMA/nHAP revealed the presence of crystallized nHAP. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the ultimate nHAP content in PHEMA/nHAP composites is consistent with its initial amount. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that nanocomposite particles are much smaller than PHEMA particles. PHEMA/nHAP composites with average diameter of approximately 600 nm were obtained in scCO₂ with 94 % yield. Mechanical properties of PHEMA/nHAP nanocomposites were better than those of PHEMA, and compressive modulus and strength of composites with 30 wt.% nHAP were 193 and 29 MPa, respectively. Nanocomposite adsorption toward bovine serum albumin was evaluated, and results indicated that analyte adsorption amount can reach up to 282 mg/g.     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.