19 份彩色小麦种质资源微量营养元素比较分析

彩色小麦因为富含各种微量营养元素而成为解决隐性饥饿的研究热点,为了对彩色小麦种质资源中的微量营养元素进行全面的评价,对来自黄淮麦区的 19 个彩色小麦种质资源和 1 个对照白粒小麦籽粒中的 16 种微量元素进行了检测。结果表明,参试彩色小麦各种微量元素的平均含量顺序为铁 > 锰 > 锌 > 锶 > 铜 > 铬 > 镍 > 钼 > 钛 > 锡 > 砷 > 硒 > 钒 > 钴 > 银 > 镉;19 个彩色小麦籽粒中锰、砷、钛、钴、铜、锶、钼、铬、镉、锡、铁共 11 个微量元素与对照白粒小麦差异显著;大多数紫（黑）粒小麦的微量营养元素都高于蓝粒小麦和白粒小麦,蓝粒小麦的铜、锌、锶、钼、锡含量高于大部分紫（黑）粒小麦和白粒小麦,白粒小麦的钼和锡含量最高;蓝粒小麦砷含量普遍较低;中黑麦 6 号等 11 个彩色小麦种质资源没有检测出镉含量,是宝贵的抗镉金属污染的小麦种质资源。以上结果可以为彩色小麦种质资源微量营养的科学利用和保障人类健康提供理论参考。     

Approaches to Configuration Determinations of Flexible Marine Natural Products: Advances and Prospects

Flexible marine natural products (MNPs), such as eribulin and bryostatin, play an important role in the development of modern marine drugs. However, due to the multiple chiral centers and geometrical uncertainty of flexible systems, configuration determinations of flexible MNPs face great challenges, which, in turn, have led to obstacles in druggability research. To resolve this issue, the comprehensive use of multiple methods is necessary. Additionally, configuration assignment methods, such as X-ray single-crystal diffraction (crystalline derivatives, crystallization chaperones, and crystalline sponges), NMR-based methods (JBCA and Mosher’s method), circular dichroism-based methods (ECCD and ICD), quantum computational chemistry-based methods (NMR calculations, ECD calculations, and VCD calculations), and chemical transformation-based methods should be summarized. This paper reviews the basic principles, characteristics, and applicability of the methods mentioned above as well as application examples to broaden the research and applications of these methods and to provide a reference for the configuration determinations of flexible MNPs.     

饲料分析检验过程的质量保证与控制

在饲料分析检验过程中不可避免产生系统和随机误差,从而影响分析结果的准确度。系统误差是由于检验过程中某些确定的、经常性的原因所造成的误差．它对检验结果的影响比较固定．在重复检验过程中可以重复地表现出来．系统误差产生的原因和来源主要包括仪器误差、试剂误差、测定方法误差、分析人员个人误差等。随机误差是由于一些偶然的外部因素所引起的．产生随机误差的因素不定。     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

纳米纤维素水凝胶的制备与表征及其对猪肉的保鲜作用

水凝胶因具有低毒性、高生物相容性和可降解性而常用于食品保鲜,但其机械性能和抗疲劳性有待提高。为了探究大豆种皮纳米纤维素对水凝胶机械性能和抗疲劳性的影响,并提高水凝胶的综合机械性能。因此,本研究通过-20 ℃低温循环冷冻-解冻法制备具有可拉伸、强韧、抗疲劳的聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/纳米纤维素水凝胶,探究水凝胶对猪肉货架期的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、热重仪和质构仪测定了水凝胶的理化性质和机械性能。研究结果表明,水凝胶内部单体之间以氢键和酯键交联,内部呈现多孔结构,断裂伸长率为230%、压缩强度为70 kPa、拉伸强度为17 kPa,经过多次循环拉伸仍具有良好的机械性能和较高的抗疲劳性。猪肉保鲜试验表明,水凝胶维持了猪肉色泽的稳定性,防止内部水分流失,并且将猪肉的保质期延长至10 d。因此,该水凝胶可用于食品包装以延长冷藏肉制品的保质期。同时,本研究为构建一种可拉伸、强韧、抗疲劳的多功能水凝胶提供了一种新的视角。     

新型饲料添加剂——碱式氯化锌的合成及性质研究

以氯化锌和氧化锌为原料,合成了一种新型饲料添加剂——碱式氯化锌[Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O,TBZC]。采用正交试验法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应液pH值、干燥温度对TBZC合成的影响,确定了最佳合成条件:氯化锌和氧化锌摩尔比1:4、反应液pH值5.5、反应温度90℃、反应时间2.5h、干燥温度80℃、干燥时间2h,产率可达88%。借助XRD、IR、DSC确定其结构。通过对TBZC的吸水性、溶解性进行试验,结果表明,TBZC具有不吸湿、不溶于水、易溶于酸性和中性盐溶液的性质。     

30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油对水稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果与技术

对30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)的田间效果进行了试验。结果表明:使用30%乙酰甲胺磷乳油防治水稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫效果均在71.7%以上,保叶效果高达83.8%。     

20份早熟欧美血缘玉米自交系利用潜力分析

以20份早熟欧美血缘自交系为供试材料,9份SS群自交系为母本、11份NSS群自交系为父本,采用不完全双列杂交设计,进行配合力分析评价。结果表明,自交系DNF342、DNLM18、东407、东409和东401产量一般配合力(GCA)优良,东304和东503株高、穗位高一般配合力优良,有利于降低杂交组合株高和穗位高。杂交组合东407×东601、东409×DNF342、东502×DN4206、东409×东305、东407×DN4206和东401×东601产量对照优势较强,可用于新品种试验。     

基于局部综合法的非零正传动弧齿锥齿轮副设计

利用局部综合法对非零正传动弧齿锥齿轮副进行大重合度加工参数设计,克服了非零正传动由于啮合角增大而使得重合度降低的不足。通过实例与常规设计的结果进行仿真与应力分析对比,结果表明,在同样的载荷条件下,新设计比常规设计的小轮最大齿根拉伸应力减小27.6%,最大齿根压缩应力减小23.5%,最大齿面接触应力减小6.5%,同时大轮的齿根应力也有所降低,使得齿轮副具有更高的寿命和可靠性。