选择产蛋量七个世代蛋壳及蛋品质的相关反应

以北京白鸡Ⅲ系七世代选择群和基础群为材料,估计选择产蛋量七个世代对蛋壳及蛋品质产生的相关反应.结果表明,经七个世代选择,产蛋量、蛋重、蛋白高度和哈夫单位都有所提高,而蛋壳厚度和蛋比重有一定程度下降.估计蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度和哈夫单位的遗传力分别是0.159 5、0.017 8和0.099 4.产蛋量与蛋白高度、哈夫单位和蛋壳厚度呈负遗传相关.选择产蛋量使蛋壳品质发生负向相关反应.     

对上海市区县兽医实验室设置问题的思考

阐述了目前上海市区(县)兽医系统实验室设置情况比较混乱,部分区兽医系统实验室已转/并至农产品检测中心,名称五花八门,由此出现的问题也层出不断的情况.根据《动物防疫法》《应急条例》等法律法规,对动物疫病预防控制机构及兽医系统实验室承担的职责进行梳理,汇总和分析后,得出结论:区(县)兽医系统实验室应依法设置于动物疫病预防控制机构,疫病监测与诊断是兽医系统实验室法律所赋予的主要职能,与以检测为主的农产品安全检测中心有着本质的区别,剥离了兽医实验室的区(县)动物疫病预防控制机构,无法真正履行好其法定职责.并提出了相应的解决方案与建议.     

Mitochondrial dysfunction influences apoptosis and autophagy in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Mitochondria are important regulators of both apoptosis and autophagy. One of the triggers for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Recently, several studies have indicated that ROS may also be involved in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we used H(2)O(2) to induce mitochondrial stress, examined apoptotic- and autophagic-related gene expression and observed LC3 protein (autophagosome presence marker) expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. In porcine four-cell parthenotes cultured for 5 days in NCSU37 medium containing 0.4% BSA, the developmental rate and mitochondrial distribution did not differ from that of the group supplemented with 100 μM H(2)O(2) but was significantly decreased in the group supplemented with 500 μM H(2)O(2) (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that whereas normal shaped mitochondria were observed in blastocysts from the control group, abnormal mitochondria (mitophagy) and autophagic vacuoles were observed in blastocysts from the group that received 500 μM H(2)O(2). Furthermore, addition of H(2)O(2) (100 μM and 500 μM) decreased cell numbers (P<0.05) and increased both apoptosis (P<0.05) and LC3 protein expression in the blastocysts. Real-time RT-PCR showed that H(2)O(2) significantly decreased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL but increased pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3 (Casp3) and Bak, and autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (Map1lc3b) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) had no effect on mRNA expression levels in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1, in blastocysts. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that results in apoptosis and autophagy, which is possibly related to porcine early embryo development.     

数字时代催生饲料企业营销变局

根据中国互联网信息中心发布的统计报告,截至2010年12月31日,中国网民数量达到了4.57亿,其中农村网民数量1.25亿,手机网民数量3.03亿。如此庞大的数据,意味着饲料企业的营销工作必须正视对网络世界的经营。     

霉菌毒素与微量元素代谢及肝脏氧化损伤的关系

<正>霉菌毒素是霉菌在以饲料为营养源的生长过程中产生的有毒化学物质。霉菌毒素在动物体内可产生多种生理作用——肝毒、肾毒、对中枢神经系统的作用以及类似雌激素效应等。有时,霉菌毒素在饲料中的浓度很高,危及动物的健康和生产     

半胱胺对绒山羊瘤胃及盲肠内环境的影响

本试验选用4头6月龄、平均体重为16kg左右、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管和盲肠瘘管的辽宁绒山羊,平均分为半胱胺组和对照组,观察辽宁绒山羊瘤胃及盲肠内环境的变化。结果表明:半胱胺组瘤胃pH较对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。半胱胺组瘤胃NH3-N浓度、瘤胃蛋白浓度较对照组差异显著(P0.05);盲肠pH、蛋白浓度半胱胺组较对照组均差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果提示,添加半胱胺后可改变瘤胃内环境,有利于瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

非洲猪瘟病毒核酸定性检测方法比对

为提升兽医实验室非洲猪瘟病毒核酸检测能力和质量控制水平,积累检测经验,以更好地开展非洲猪瘟检测,2020年7月,参加了北京市农业农村局组织的"非洲猪瘟实验室检测能力比对"项目.本次比对同时选用《非洲猪瘟检疫技术规范》(SNT 1559—2010标准)中的普通PCR方法、荧光定量PCR方法以及商品化试剂盒,对5份验证样品...     

我国陆生动物疫病检测诊断技术标准化发展分析

动物疫病检测和诊断类标准是检测和判断动物疫病的主要依据。本文梳理了我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准的建设现状,并将其与我国《一、二、三类动物疫病病种名录》以及OIE《陆生动物疫病诊断和疫苗手册》和《中华人民共和国进境动物检疫疫病名录》中的陆生动物疫病目录进行对比。分析发现:我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准体系对我国一、二、三类动物疫病的覆盖率为92.6%,其中80%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法 ;对OIE陆生动物疫病诊断和疫苗手册名录疫病的覆盖率为88.3%,其中73%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法 ;对我国进境动物检疫名录疫病的覆盖率为87.7%,其中73%的标准有PCR和(或)ELISA检测方法。由此提出了提高我国动物疫病检测和诊断技术标准覆盖率,强化快速诊断检测技术标准化建设的建议。     

基于案例的国内动物疫病风险评估技术发展现状研究

为了解我国动物疫病风险评估研究进展,本研究对我国2006—2016年间发表的动物疫病风险评估模型相关文献进行分析。采用文献回顾的方式,就动物疫病风险评估模型的构建目标、构建方法、评估对象、模型结构及实际应用进行研究。研究表明,我国动物疫病风险评估模型研究与国际基本同步,但也存在理论体系研究薄弱、理论联系实际不足等问题。同时,提出了完善理论体系建设、推广模型应用等建议。