Inheritance of red foliage in flowering dogwood (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cornus florida</Emphasis> L.)

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) is an ornamental tree valued for its showy white, pink, or red spring bract display and red fall color. A “pseudo” F₂ flowering dogwood population was recently developed from a honeybee mediated cross of ‘Cherokee Brave’ × ‘Appalachian Spring’. The foliage color of 94 “pseudo” F₂ plants segregated into green- and red- leaved phenotypes and was visually rated for color on five spring dates over 3 years (2007–2009). Chi-square analyses of observed segregation of phenotypes indicated that a complementary gene interaction form of epistasis controls foliage color with a 9:7 two gene ratio. We propose the symbols rl ₁ and rl ₂ for the genes controlling this trait.     

宁夏大米产业化发展的思考及建议

以地理标志农产品--“宁夏大米”为研究对象,旨在探究其产业化递进的可行性与路径。首先,在分析宁夏平原自然资源条件、“宁夏大米”独特品质和悠久种植历史的基础上,阐述“宁夏大米”具有实施产业化发展的内生条件和比较优势;接下来对“宁夏大米”产业发展现状与存在的问题进行了剖析;最后,从制度经济学理论入手,提出走政府主导模式下的产业化递进路径,并就农业合作组织的壮大完善、地理标志保护制度的构建、市场营销策略、产业链整合重组等方面提出了政策建议。     

重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株和H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉免疫效果的研究

为评估重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株和H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉的免疫保护效果,选取30日龄的雉,按照免疫程序首免后21 d,加强免疫1次,分别于接种前和接种后定期采血,分离血清,检测H5、H7亚型HI抗体滴度。结果显示,免疫前,雉血清中H5、H7亚型HI抗体滴度均为0;免疫后14 d,H5和H7亚型抗体平均滴度分别达到7.0log2和7.07log2,49 d后平均滴度达到峰值,分别为8.04log2和9.20log2;H5亚型免疫有效期可达105 d以上,H7亚型可达189 d以上。结果表明,重组禽流感病毒二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)对雉具有良好的免疫保护效果且安全性良好,但疫苗免疫49 d后,H5、H7抗体效价逐渐下降,133 d后明显下降,群体免疫合格率低于70%,因此生产中推荐,30日龄首免后,51日龄和5月龄各加强免疫1次。本研究为珍稀禽的禽流感免疫疫苗选择和程序制定提供了参考。     

小麦离体叶段鉴定白粉病抗性方法的研究

１９９０年４月至１９９４年４月对小麦离体叶段鉴定白粉病抗性方法进行了研究。结果表明：（１）在灭菌条件下，以在培养皿中垫两层滤纸，用６ＢＡ作保绿主，超过人主至进行鉴定效果较好。（２）保绿剂的浓度低，发病快、退绿早，反之反病慢、退绿晚。其最适浓度是：苗期６ＢＡ为６０－１００ｐｐｍ、苯咪唑为６０ｐｐｍ ；成株期６ＢＡ以８０－１５０ｐｐｍ为佳。（３）份病快、退绿迟的角度出发，鉴定材料以株龄小、叶龄短的初展     

15个玉米自交系主要数量性状配合力的研究

 供试的两套玉米自交系做不完全双列杂交,组配成44个杂交组合.对生育期、株高、穗长、千粒重、穗重和产量等6个性状的配合力进行估算.按照一般配合力、特殊配合力和总配合力筛选出3个优良自交系和2个优良杂交组合.对于一般配合力、特殊配合力和总配合力,在选择优良杂交组合时应加以综合考虑.     

外源Ca2+ 和ABA 对高温下黄瓜花药中Ca2 + 、ABA及蛋白质合成的影响

 外源Ca^{2 +}能降低高温下黄瓜单核期花药的胞内Ca^{2 +}水平并提高花粉萌发率, 而ABA的作用与此相反。外源Ca^{2 +}和ABA处理能显著提高高温下黄瓜花药内源ABA的水平, 并产生新的蛋白质。以上结果表明, 高温下外源Ca^{2 +}可影响黄瓜花药内ABA信号系统, 继而可能改变基因表达, 并获得耐热性;外源ABA亦能影响黄瓜花药内Ca^{2 +}信号系统。     

Detection of additive and additive×environment interaction effects of QTLs for yield‐component traits of rice using single‐segment substitution lines (SSSLs)

Additive effects (A) and additive‐by‐environment interactions (A×E) for five rice yield components were analysed using 20 SSSLs under mixed linear model methodology. Thirty‐one QTLs were detected. Different yield components have different QTL‐by‐environment (Q×E) interaction patterns. No A×E interaction effects were detected for the four QTLs for panicle number (PN). Four QTLs detected for spikelets per panicle (SPP) had A×E interactions. Five of seven QTLs detected for grains per panicle (GPP), two of 10 QTLs detected for 1000‐grains weight (GWT) and three of six QTLs detected for seed set ratio (SSR) showed significant A×E interaction. Most of these QTLs were distributed in clusters across the genome. The complexity of linkage and pleiotropy of these QTLs plus environmental effect may result in the diversity of the yield phenotype in the SSSLs. Only S19 exhibited a significant increase in yield with a predicted gain by 281.58 kg ha^?1. The results may be useful to design a better breeding strategy that takes advantage of QTL‐by‐environment interaction effects in each of the SSSLs.     

我国苜蓿产业亟待振兴

随着我国畜牧业的快速发展,特别是奶牛业的崛起,对优质饲草尤其是苜蓿（Medicago sativa）的需求量将会越来越大。目前我国苜蓿产量低、品质差、供应量不足,不能满足市场的需求,进口苜蓿呈增加态势,2010年苜蓿的进口量已达22.72万t,对我国的苜蓿产业造成严重威胁。我国苜蓿产业发展受制于许多因素,一直处于徘徊不前状态,急需振兴。应尽快制定苜蓿产业发展战略规划,完善苜蓿生产补贴政策,鼓励科技创新,积极扶持苜蓿龙头企业,整合苜蓿产业资源,建设现代化苜蓿产业示范基地,推进我国苜蓿布局区域化、种植规模化、作业机械化、管理标准化和经营产业化发展,着力打造苜蓿产业带,增强我国苜蓿的综合生产能力和供应能力,推进奶-草一体化。     

Ecology,physiology and genetics of a phycodnavirus infecting the noxious bloom-forming raphidophyte <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosigma akashiwo</Emphasis>

Abstract:   Heterosigma akashiwo virus (HaV) is a large icosahedral virus (∼0.2 μm) harboring a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome (∼294 kbp). The virus is the only member of the genus Raphidovirus in the family Phycodnaviridae. Since its first discovery, a number of ecologic, physiologic and genetic studies about HaV have been conducted; especially, the relationship between H. akashiwo and HaV in nature was studied and viral infection is now regarded as a significant factor influencing the dynamics and termination of H. akashiwo blooms. HaV infection has considerable impacts on H. akashiwo populations in both aspects of fluctuation in biomass (quantity) and changes in clonal composition (quality). Partial sequencing of the HaV genome revealed that a number of genes showed considerable similarity to those of other protist-infecting viruses; still, the phylogenetic position of HaV suggested a number of enigmas in host–virus coevolution. Here are summarized the ecology, physiology and genetics of HaV especially from the viewpoint of the host–virus relationship.     

贵州中部喀斯特山区水稻田面水N、P浓度变化及污染评价

为了探讨喀斯特山区水稻土中N、P的迁移转化规律及对地表水环境的影响,选择贵州中部普定县喀斯特山区代表性的水稻土为对象,研究喀斯特山区水稻田面水中N、P浓度的变化及其与土壤中N、P含量的关系。结果表明：喀斯特山区水稻田面水中总氮(TN)浓度范围为1.39~15.81 mg/L,其中NH4+-N、NO3--N浓度分别为0.57~13.35 mg/L和0.15~1.37 mg/L,其浓度的变化与土壤中碱解氮含量有一定的正相关性;田面水中总磷(TP)的浓度范围为0.027~0.324 mg/L,其浓度变化与土壤有效磷含量有显著的正相关性。田面水中TN和NH4+-N浓度超过地表水Ⅴ类水体的标准限值,农田排水氮的迁移对周围地表水体质量会产生明显的影响。