安徽省一起非洲猪瘟疫情的暴发调查

2018年9月,安徽省铜陵市某猪场暴发非洲猪瘟疫情。为查明疫情可能的来源、波及范围,继而提出有针对性的预防控制建议,对该猪场的饲养管理、猪群发病现状以及相关流行病学关联场点进行了现场调查。调查发现,此次暴发可能由饲喂泔水引起。由此建议:暂时关闭辖区内生猪屠宰场,并进行彻底消毒;停止疫情相关区域生猪及其产品调运;监测受威胁区猪场,做好生物安全防护;停止饲喂泔水,并做好餐厨剩余物的无害化处理工作。     

农业结构调整与传统蚕丝业的振兴

“东桑西移”是我国蚕丝产业结构的大调整。城市工业化已经使东部蚕区急剧萎缩和衰老，而人为措施使西部蚕区出现徒长和缺钙症。只有通过结构调整，实现东部地区的蚕业产业化，依托精品基地，挖掘潜力，才能保持东部蚕区的可持续发展。西部蚕区要借鉴东部经验，积极引进新技术、新品种和新方法，高起点建设蚕桑基地，切忌盲目发展，积极开发蚕丝业高新技术，实现东西部蚕区的合理布局和强强联合，共同振兴我国传统的蚕丝产业。     

新兴猪干扰素-β基因的分子克隆与序列测定

根据NCBI GenBank 上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列(S41178),设计一对引物,直接从猪肝脏提取基因组DNA,经PCR 扩增及扩增产物的克隆、测序,获得了新兴本地猪干扰素β全基因片段,其大小为561 bp,与NCBI GenBank上登载的猪干扰素β基因序列完全一致,为进一步研究和开发猪基因工程干扰素制剂奠定了基础。     

畜禽业新型饲料源--桑叶的营养价值及加工调制

桑叶作为畜禽业新型饲料源,据测定,粗蛋白质含量高达20%～30%,也就是说1kg干桑叶与0.7kg大豆饼相当。同时,桑叶还含有多种维生素和微量元素及许多天然活性物质,具有抗应激、增强机体的耐力和提高畜禽的抗病能力。桑叶作为饲料不仅可以有效缓解日益紧张的常规饲料源,而且为发展“节粮型”畜禽业开辟了一条出路。桑叶的加工调制,不仅回收利用资源;同时也提高了资源的利用价值,还解决了畜禽越冬的饲料问题。     

关于温度影响蚕种产附的体会

蚕种产附是指平附种的外观性状,主要包括蚕种卵面分布的整齐度,卵色一致性等。产附好的蚕种,蚕卵均匀平整地分布于整张蚕种纸,卵色一致,生种、不受精卵少,即生产上讲的产附平整。反之,蚕卵分布疏密相间,卵面有堆叠或空缺,生种、不受精卵多,即蚕种产附差。蚕种     

牛乳脂共轭亚油酸的合成及其营养调控

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是存在于动物脂肪和乳脂中的天然活性成分。本文综述了牛乳脂CLA的来源、合成机制及其营养调控。     

文昌鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质研究

本文就文昌鸡产蛋规律、种蛋品质进行研究.结果表明:文昌鸡开产后第7周前产蛋率快速上升,到开产后第7周或第8周,产蛋率到达最高峰,60%以上的产蛋率能维持15～18周,经过产蛋高峰期后,产蛋率缓慢下降,期间略有波动,说明文昌鸡的产蛋性能良好;文昌鸡55周龄蛋品质性状蛋重(EW)、蛋壳重(SW)、蛋壳厚度(ST)、蛋壳强度(SS)、哈氏单位(HU)、蛋形指数(SI)、蛋黄重(YW)、蛋黄颜色(YC)的测定结果平均值分别为49.00g、6.34 g、320.69μm、4.01 kg/cm2.70.02、1.31、16.45 g、6.13.     

鸡源益生菌JM-11菌株的胃肠道耐受及其抗腹泻的研究

本试验从健康的鸡盲肠内容物中筛选出具有较高抑菌活性的病源拮抗菌JM-11菌株,经形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列鉴定此菌为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis）。经耐受胃肠道环境及胆盐试验,结果表明,JM-11菌株能耐受0.3%的胆盐环境,在pH为3.0的人工胃液中能够很好的存活。利用抗生素打乱雏鸡肠道菌群后,饲喂致病性大肠杆菌来制作腹泻模型。经益生菌JM-11对腹泻雏鸡的治疗试验结果显示,JM-11能显著降低腹泻雏鸡粪便中的大肠杆菌的数量（P<0.01）,增加乳酸菌的数量(P<0.01),提高雏鸡免疫器官指数(P<0.05),对雏鸡具有安全无毒的作用。     

Poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants - field observations

Data from post-mortem and field studies were obtained that discussed poisoning in ostriches following ingestion of toxic plants. From the notes, all plants studied caused death in ostriches and there was systemic organ damage. Poisoning from Sarcostemma viminale (Melktou) resulted in beak patting, muscular tremors and head flopping, followed by collapse and violent kicking before death. Ingestion of Combretum oatesii (Red wings) seeds from plants in free grazing pastures resulted in vomiting, restlessness, eyelid flicking, collapse and kicking movements. Dichapetalum cymosum (Gifblaar) killed an ostrich after episodes of shaking legs, rapid respiration and bradycardia and hyperaemia of the lungs, liver and kidneys. Poisoning from Senecio sceleratus (Ragwort) caused skin haemorrhages and bleeding in tracheal mucous membranes, the pericardium, diaphragm and interperitoneal membrane. Consumption of drupes from Melia azedarach (Syringa berry) caused muscle tremors, kicking movements and respiratory distress. Lantana camara (Cherry pie) poisoning resulted in extremely inflamed eyes with copious yellow exudates extending down their beaks and onto their necks. Bentonite was administered by gavage at a dose of 5 g/kg. Poisoning in these cases is usually associated with the farmer allowing his/her birds to roam free-range in paddocks in which toxic plants are growing. Toxic plants should be removed from grass cut for hay. The author is willing to send photographs of all poisonous plants if requested by a reader.     

Assessment of antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda

The irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animals is highly related to the emergence and increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide. A cross-sectional survey aimed at evaluating the current level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals in Rwanda was carried out countrywide. Interviews were conducted on 229 farmers rearing different types of animals. The study has revealed that almost all respondent farmers could name at least one antibiotic used in farm animals and peni-streptomycin was named by most of them (95.6%). The use of antibiotics in farm animals was observed in the majority of respondents (97.4%). It was found that 44.4 and 26.5% of respondents reported that they used antibiotics for disease prevention and growth promotion, respectively. The use of non-prescribed antibiotics in animals was also reported by more than the half of respondent farmers (55.6%). The majority of farmers had a moderate level of practices regarding antibiotic use in farm animals (73.5%), very few had a high level (26%) and only one respondent had a low level. The high level of practices in regard to antibiotic use in animals was associated with the location of the farm, the type of reared animals, and the rearing system. The results of this study give an insight into antibiotics usage practices in farm animals in Rwanda. The generated information can guide sensitizations and promotions of the prudent use of antibiotics among farmers in order to limit the increase of antibiotic resistance in the country.