Strong fisheries management and governance positively impact ecosystem status

Fisheries have had major negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and effective fisheries management and governance are needed to achieve sustainable fisheries, biodiversity conservation goals and thus good ecosystem status. To date, the IndiSeas programme (Indicators for the Seas) has focussed on assessing the ecological impacts of fishing at the ecosystem scale using ecological indicators. Here, we explore fisheries ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ and relate this to ecosystem health and status. We developed a dedicated expert survey, focused at the ecosystem level, with a series of questions addressing aspects of management and governance, from an ecosystem‐based perspective, using objective and evidence‐based criteria. The survey was completed by ecosystem experts (managers and scientists) and results analysed using ranking and multivariate methods. Results were further examined for selected ecosystems, using expert knowledge, to explore the overall findings in greater depth. Higher scores for ‘Management Effectiveness’ and ‘Governance Quality’ were significantly and positively related to ecosystems with better ecological status. Key factors that point to success in delivering fisheries and conservation objectives were as follows: the use of reference points for management, frequent review of stock assessments, whether Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) catches were being accounted for and addressed, and the inclusion of stakeholders. Additionally, we found that the implementation of a long‐term management plan, including economic and social dimensions of fisheries in exploited ecosystems, was a key factor in successful, sustainable fisheries management. Our results support the thesis that good ecosystem‐based management and governance, sustainable fisheries and healthy ecosystems go together.     

播期对吉林省中部春玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响

以郑单958为试验材料,研究不同播期对春玉米生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,播期对拔节期至大喇叭口期单株叶面积、株高影响较大,4月27日和5月6日播期处理株高、单株叶面积大于其他处理;4月19日播期处理开花前干物质积累量(DMA)高于其他处理,开花后导致早衰;5月25日播期处理开花前和开花后DMA均小于其他处理;5月7日播种的玉米产量最高;早播(4月19日)处理百粒重比5月7日播种低9.91%;晚播(5月25日)处理百粒重和穗粒数分别比5月7日播种降低11.27%和13.53%。相关分析表明,不同播期处理玉米产量、脂肪含量分别与日照时数、积温(≥10℃)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),蛋白质含量与日照时数、积温(≥10℃)、降雨量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.798、r=-0.750、r=-0.724)。5月7日播期处理玉米子粒中淀粉和营养成分总含量最高,分别达72.10%和84.60%,为最佳播种日期。