高粱炭疽病研究进展

高粱作为中国主要的酿造原料之一,在国民经济发展中占据重要地位。高粱炭疽病是高粱的主要病害之一,在整个生育期中均可发病,且在温暖湿润的热带和亚热带栽种地区更易发生和流行,不仅影响植株的正常生长,严重时会引起产量的大幅下降和籽粒品质的劣变。多年来,高粱病理学家和育种家对高粱炭疽病病原菌菌株分离、病害发生流行规律、发生原因、寄主抗性利用和抗炭疽病基因定位等方面进行了广泛的研究,取得了一些进展。这些研究为炭疽病的生化防控以及培育抗炭疽病品种奠定了基础。开展高粱炭疽病研究,发掘更丰富多样的优异抗性种质资源,减少农药使用,不仅可以满足中国高粱产业对天然有机高粱原料的巨大需求,还可以推动高粱生产向高产优质转变。对高粱炭疽病的分布和发病症状、炭疽病病原菌侵染机理、病害发生流行规律及流行原因、抗性资源鉴定和高粱抗炭疽病基因定位的相关研究进展进行了综合分析和论述,以期从分子水平上更好地认识高粱与炭疽病病原菌之间的相互作用,为高粱炭疽病研究提供参考。     

不同类型有机物料的有机磷组成及生物有效性

[目的]研究不同有机物料的有机磷组成及其作为磷源施用后的供磷能力,为化肥磷的有机替代奠定理论基础.[方法]供试有机物料包括粪肥类(猪粪、羊粪)、绿肥类(豌豆、苜蓿和绿豆)、秸秆类(小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆和油菜秸秆).分析了8种有机物料的全磷、有机磷含量和C/P值,采用Bowman-Cole方法测定了有机磷中的活性(LOP)...     

保护地桃新品种早醒艳

早醒艳素辽宁农业职业技术学院从１９９２年嫁接、１９９３年定植的冠春桃选育的芽变新品种。该品种需冷量１１７小时,在辽宁省熟岳地区温室中栽培于１１月上中旬升温,１２月中旬开花,果实３月上中旬成熟,比早红珠、早红二号等上２０～３０天成熟。外观美丽,耐贮运,丰产性好。１９９９年通过辽宁省农作物品种审定并命名。     

Effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the response of guinea pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite in vitro

AIM and METHODS: to elucidater the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on tracheal hyperreactivity of guinea - pig induced by peroxynitrite, the responses of guinea pig tracheas to histamine af- ter incubation with peroxynitrite in the absence and presence of 3 - aminobenzamide(3 - AB), a highly selective inhibitor for PARP, were observed in vitro. RESULTS: The exposure of tracheal strips to peroxynitrite led to epithelial damage and hyperreacitivity to histamine, both of which were reversed by 3 - AB(lmmol/L or 5mmol/L), whereas incubation of tracheal strips with 3 - AB(5mmol/L) had no effect on the reponses. CONCLUSION: PARP is involved in the epithelial damage and hyperreactivity of guinea - pig tracheas induced by peroxynitrite. The results suggested that inhibition of excessive activation of PARP may represent a novel strategy for the prevention and therapy of airway hyperreactivity in asthma.     

Role and regulation of calcineurin in angiotensin Ⅱ-stimulated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats

AIM: To study the role and regulation of calcineurin(CaN) in angiotensin II(AngⅡ)-stimulated cardiacmyocyte hypertrophy of rats. METHODS: Using AngⅡ to induce the cultured cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of rats, and investigating the effect of CaN inhibitor on [³H]-leucine incorporation of AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes and the regulation of various factors on CaN activity in cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: AngⅡ can stimulate the CaN activity in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In cardiac myocytes incubated with 10, 100, 1000 nmol·L^-1 of AngⅡ for 12h, the CaN activities increased respectively by 13%,57%(P＜0.05) and 228%(P＜0.01) compared with that in non-stimulated cardiomyocytes. The CaN activities in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes were significantly inhibited by losartan(50 μmol·L^-1), H₇(50 μmol·L^-1)and Fura-2/AM(4 μmol·L^-1),while no effect was observed with PD98059(50 μmol·L^-1).The [³H]-leucine incorporation in AngⅡ-stimulated cardiomyocytes increased by 46%(P＜0.01) compared with that in control group, which was dramatically inhibited by cyclosporin A(0.5~5μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Calcineurin, a Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, may play an important role in AngⅡ-induced cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. The activation of CaN may dependent on the sustained increases of [Ca²⁺]i and be regulated by some protein kinases (such as PKC,etc.).     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

CYP450 epoxygenase/EET pathway attenuates adipose inflammation of obese mice through HIF-1α

AIM To investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 （CYP450） epoxygenase/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid （EET） pathway on insulin resistance in obese mice, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet-induced obesity model was established in C57BL/6Cnc mice, and the obese mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including obesity group （treated with saline; n=10）, EET group （treated with 11,12-EET; n=10） and EET inhibitor 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5（Z）-enoic acid （EEZE） group （n=10）. Normal C57BL/6Cnc mice （n=10） treated with saline served as control. Protein expression of CYP2J2 （one of CYP450 epoxygenases） and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） was measured by Western blot. Vessel-like structure was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin （IL）-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In obese mice, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） values were increased, the protein level of CYP2J2 was reduced, and the protein level of HIF-1α was increased in adipose tissues as compared with the controls （P<0.05）. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were also significantly increased in obese mice （P<0.05）. After treatment with 11, 12-EET, the HOMA-IR values were decreased compared with vehicle-treated obese mice, HIF-1α expression levels were decreased in the adipose tissue, and the serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results of adipose tissue from vehicle-treated obese mice showed a marked decrease in vessel-like structures （CD31-positive） compared with normal control mice （P<0.05）. EET treatment significantly increased the newly formed vessel-like structures in the visceral adipose tissues of obese mice as compared with vehicle-treated obese mice （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION High-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance are closely related to the CYP450 pathway. Exogenous EETs effectively decrease obesity-induced insulin resistance possibly through pro-angiogenesis and attenuation of hypoxia and inflammation.     

小麦蚜虫抗药性现状及综合治理策略

综述了麦蚜抗药性的形成和发展、抗药性现状、抗药性机理等,并提出了相应的综合治理策略。     

长沙不同绿地对缓解热岛效应的作用

以长沙市学校、公园内的绿地作为研究对象,研究了不同生长发育植物、树冠郁闭度、植物覆盖率对城市热岛效应的影响,得出长势好的植物群落缓解热岛效应的作用大,郁闭度和绿地面积与减缓热岛效应的作用呈正相关。并根据长沙的绿化情况,提出了一些建议。     

硝基苯胁迫对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长影响的研究

通过生物测定的方法研究了硝基苯对豆类种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:硝基苯浓度为1mg·kg-1时,对豆类作物出苗率影响不大;当硝基苯浓度高于5mg·kg-1时,在绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆播后的2～5d,对其出苗率抑制明显;播种4d后,硝基苯浓度为40mg·kg-1,绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆的出苗率与对照相比分别相差38.10%、40.95%、48.17%,但是5d后,处理与对照出苗率差距逐渐减少。硝基苯抑制绿豆、红豆及小粒大豆株高、根长、地上部分鲜重及根鲜重,并且随着硝基苯浓度的增大而增大。在硝基苯胁迫下,豆类作物根部畸形生长,须根数增多。3种豆类对硝基苯的敏感性顺序为小粒大豆>红豆>绿豆,硝基苯对豆类的影响顺序为地下部分>地上部分。