黑龙江省农业经济增长方式转变的实证分析

在分析农业经济增长理论的基础上，运用算术指数法得到黑龙江省农业的全要素生产率。依据全要素生产率对黑龙江省农业改革以来的增长方式做了定量描述，从实证分析的角度，考察各种要素投入的增长及其对农业经济增长的贡献，衡量改革以来科技进步在黑龙江省农业生产中的状况和作用，进而描述黑龙江省农业经济增长方式的演进过程，为黑龙江省确定今后加快实现农业经济增长方式转变的政策和战略提供参考依据。     

Quercetin activates mitochondrial autophagy via PINK1/parkin pathway to alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

AIM To analyze the regulatory effect of quercetin （QUE） on PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1）/parkin mitochondrial autophagy pathway, and to explore the mechanism of quercetin in relieving cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury. METHODS Sixty SD male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group （I/R group）, QUE group,3-methyladenine （3-MA） group and QUE+3-MA group. Administration started in each group 3 days before modeling, once a day, at 30 min after the last administration,except sham group, the other groups used 4-vessel blockage method to establish the whole brain I/R model. On the day after modeling, the neural function was evaluated by neuropathy disability score （NDS）. The volume of cerebral infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. The morphological changes of mitochondria in hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The contents of interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in hippocampus were measured by ELISA. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） in hippocampus were detected by xanthine oxidase method, thiobarbituric acid condensation method. Western blot was used to detect the proteinex pression of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II in brain tissue. RESULTS Compared with sham group, the hippocampus of the rats in I/R group and QUE+3-MA group showed swelling of mitochondria, destruction or disappearance of internal crista and other pathological damage,also the volume of cerebral infarction, the contents of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA, the protein expression levels of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II were increased （P<0.05）, while NDS score and activity of SOD were decreased （P<0.05）. Compared with I/R group and QUE+3-MA group, the pathological damage degree of hippocampus in QUE group was reduced, the volume of cerebral infarction, the contents of IL-6, TNF-α and MDA were decreased （P<0.05）, the proteinexpression levels of PINK1, parkin and LC3-II, and NDS score and activity of SOD were increased （P<0.05）.The above indexes in 3-MA group were opposite to QUE group. No significant difference in the above indexes between I/R group and QUE+3-MA group was observed （P>0.05）. CONCLUSION Quercetin activates mitochondrial autophagy and reduces cerebral I/R by regulating the expression of PINK1/parkin pathway proteins.     

菌草灵芝研究现状与前景

以菌草灵芝为试材,从菌草灵芝栽培技术研究、成分提取及分析、免疫学研究、毒理安全、质量安全5个方面系统阐述了菌草灵芝研究现状.结果 表明:菌草灵芝不仅筛选和确定了更适菌草栽培的灵芝菌株和菌草栽培配方,以及不同生长期菌草灵芝有效成分含量,而且采用超声、酶法辅助热水提取多糖、三萜类化合物等菌草灵芝有效成分可提高得率,菌草有效活性成分粗多糖的免疫作用优于纯多糖,且菌草灵芝的毒理和质量安全研究分析表明菌草灵芝无不良反应,质量安全可控,可作为保健产品、美容产品或食品的主要原料或辅料应用于各加工领域.同时,为菌草灵芝进一步深入理论研究提供参考依据.     

软枣猕猴桃‘奇异莓6号’离体再生技术

以软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,具有成本低、取材方便、材料充足等优点,但以往的研究表明无芽茎段诱导再生率低。本试验以‘奇异莓6号’软枣猕猴桃无芽茎段为外植体,探究不同植物生长调节剂、光照强度、温度、苗龄对不定芽诱导的影响。结果表明：最佳外植体为苗龄30d的无芽茎段,在光照12h/d(光照强度50LX)、室温20℃下,不定芽诱导的最适培养基为MS+2mg/L ZT,不定芽以间接途径发生,培养40d无芽茎段两端开始形成淡绿色愈伤组织,培养45d愈伤组织表面出现红色小点,开始形成不定芽,培养55d愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率及不定芽数均到最大,分别为100%、100%及18.87个/块。待苗长至3cm左右时转到MS+0.4mg/L ^IBA中进行生根培养,培养30d生根率可达100%、根数为8.53/株、根长1.68cm、根粗0.14cm。     

卡利比克迈耶氏酵母对水果采后病害的抑制及对展青霉素的降解机制

为了明确拮抗酵母卡利比克迈耶氏酵母Meyerozyma caribbica对果实采后病害的抑制效果及其对毒素的降解机制, 本文研究了卡利比克迈耶氏酵母结合辅助因子褐藻寡糖(alginate oligosaccharide, AOS), 对草莓、梨、苹果、番茄的青霉病、灰霉病和黑斑病的抑制效果, 以及拮抗酵母不同处理液对展青霉素(patulin, PAT)体外降解的机制。结果表明, 浓度为1×108 cfu/mL的M. caribbica可有效抑制草莓、梨、苹果青霉病, 草莓、番茄、葡萄灰霉病以及番茄、梨、葡萄黑斑病的发生, 添加5 g/L的AOS能显著增强M. caribbica的抑制效果; M. caribbica发酵液可以有效降解苹果伤口处的PAT, 处理后8 d其降解率为30.35%, 经AOS诱导后, 其对PAT的降解效率达到39.15%。体外条件下, 接种M. caribbica后27 h可将10 μg/mL的PAT完全降解; M. caribbica主要是通过活细胞代谢降解PAT, 同时AOS可显著增加M. caribbica 的降解能力, 说明卡利比克迈耶氏酵母是一株生防潜力较好的菌株, 本研究为该生防菌株的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

基于土地利用结构的河流岸带生态系统服务簇识别

河流岸带生态系统服务功能的有效发挥是河流生态系统稳定且健康的重要保障之一。为识别河流岸带土地利用与生态服务价值的空间结构,本文从河流岸带保护角度选取水资源保护、净化环境、水文调节、土壤保持、维持养分循环、生物多样性六项生态服务功能,基于遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,运用修正的当量因子法估算得到生态服务价值的空间分布规律,进而进行层次聚类分析识别河流岸带生态服务簇,并应用于太湖流域湖西区溧阳市县级河流——竹箦河作为实例研究。结果表明：（1）竹箦河河流岸带六项生态服务价值呈现出显著的空间异质性和聚集性。（2）竹箦河河流岸带可划分为五大类生态服务簇,分别为水源涵养型、绿色多元型、经济生态型、生态脆弱型以及耗水污染型。（3）各类服务簇的生态系统服务特点与空间布局分异明显,与岸带实际土地利用结构相协调,揭示了竹箦河河流岸带生态服务功能普遍较薄弱的现状。本文的研究结果可为竹箦河及类似平原地区骨干河流岸带功能区划分以及河流岸带生态保护与修复方案的制定提供理论参考。     

二氯喹啉酸降解菌嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性

二氯喹啉酸被广泛用于稻田除草,其残留易对后茬作物烟草的生长造成危害。本课题组前期从福建烟区植烟土壤中分离获得的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia菌株J03对烟草二氯喹啉酸药害具有较好修复作用。为明确该菌株生长特性及其对烟草和水稻的安全性,本研究测定了J03菌株对烟草和水稻种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,同时测定了环境因子温度和酸碱度对J03菌株生长的影响。结果表明:经J03菌株处理的烟草和水稻种子,发芽率分别大于80%和95%,与空白对照无显著差异。J03菌株处理的烟苗株高、叶片数和地上部鲜重分别为2.82 cm、6.4片和6.08 g,均显著高于空白对照,其他生长参数与对照无显著差异;J03菌株处理的水稻幼苗的株高和叶面积与空白对照相比均无显著差异。J03菌株在4~40℃内均可生长,但最适生长温度为30~37℃;在pH值为5.0~9.0的LB培养基中均可生长,但最适生长pH值为6.0~8.0。综合研究表明,嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌菌株J03对烟草和水稻生长安全,且其在田间的适合度较高。     

Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein up-regulates endothelin receptors in mouse mesenteric artery through p38 MAPK pathway

AIMTo investigate whether minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) affects the quantity and activity of endothelin （ET） type A (ET_A) and type B (ET_B) receptors in mouse mesenteric artery by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inflammatory pathway. METHODSThe KM mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group (injection of NS via caudal vein), mmLDL group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein), LDL group (injection of LDL via caudal vein), mmLDL+SB 203580 group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of p38 MAPK pathway specific inhibitor SB 203580) and mmLDL+DMSO group (injection of mmLDL via caudal vein and intraperitoneal injection of DMSO). Mesenteric artery ring segment vasoconstriction dose-response curves affected by sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and ET-1 were recorded by the myography system. The mRNA levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of ET_B receptor, ET_A receptor, IL-6, p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB and p-NF-κB were determined by Western blot. The serum concentration of IL-6 was measured by ELISA. RESULTSThe contractile responses of the blood vessel segments to S6c and ET-1 were significantly increased by mmLDL (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of ET_A receptor, ET_B receptor, and IL-6 significantly increased (P<0.01). The protein levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-NF-κB were significantly increased (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-6 was significantly increased (P<0.01). These effects of mmLDL were inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580. CONCLUSION mmLDL increses the serum concentration of IL-6, up-regulates the expression of IL-6, ET_A receptor and ET_B receptor in mouse mesenteric artery, and enhances the vasoconstriction function medi?ated by ET_A and ET_B receptors, which is related to the activation of p38 MAPK inflammatory pathway and downstream NF-κB pathway.     

Effects of apelin-13 on oxidative stress induced by high uric acid in adipocytes

AIM: To study the effects of apelin-13 on oxidative stress induced by high uric acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with uric acid at 10 mg/dL for 48 h. Some of the adipocytes were administered with 1 μmol/L apelin-13 in the presence of uric acid at 10 mg/dL. The adipocytes stimulated with 100 μmol/L H₂O₂ were served as positive controls. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were detected by flow cytometry. The biochemical kits were used to measure the activities of superotide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell lysate and the supernatant. The mRNA levels of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, including angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyrne1 (ACE1), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2R, as well as angiotensin II receptor -like 1 (APJ) were measured by real-time PCR. The concentrations of angiotensin II (AngⅡ) in the cell lysate and the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Adipocytes stimulated with uric acid at 10 mg/dL had lower activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-PX and CAT) and higher levels of NOX activity and MDA content (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the intracellular ROS levels were found to be dramatically increased. However, apelin-13 administration attenuated uric acid-induced oxidative stress in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Uric acid at 10 mg/dL upregulated the mRNA expression of local RAS, enhanced AngⅡ concentrations both in the cell lysate and the supernatant, and down-regulated the mRNA level of APJ in the adipocytes (P < 0.05). Conversely, apelin-13 partially reversed these parameters. CONCLUSION: Apelin-13 attenuates oxidative stress induced by uric acid, may be via down-regulation of local RAS expression in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes.     

添加剂对番茄茎秆好氧堆肥发酵过程及氮素损失的影响

为研究减少在番茄茎秆好氧堆肥过程中氮素损失的途径,提高堆肥品质,以粉碎的番茄茎秆为原料,按物料干重分别加入5%的腐殖酸(T1)、氯化钙(T2)和过磷酸钙(T3),同时以不进行任何添加的堆体作为对照(CK),进行45 d的好氧堆肥试验。结果表明：3种添加剂均可降低堆肥过程中的氮素损失,同时减少了NH₃的挥发量;堆肥结束时,CK、T1、T2和T3处理的氮素损失率分别为18.04%、15.00%、12.65%和14.05%,累计NH₃挥发量为CK(1 648.11 mg/kg)>T1(1 330.35 mg/kg)>T3(995.35 mg/kg)>T2(528.11 mg/kg)。其中,添加氯化钙的处理保氮效果最好,与对照相比,氮素损失率低至12.65%,NH₃挥发量减少67.96%;各处理高温期均≥3 d,发芽指数≥80%,表明堆体已经腐熟,无植物毒性。综上,番茄茎秆好氧堆肥中添加氯化钙,对于减少堆肥过程中的氮素损失较为理想。本研究可为番茄茎秆好氧堆肥保氮工艺优化提供理论依据。