Diagnosis of paratuberculosis by fecal culture and ELISA on milk and serum samples in two types of Chilean dairy goat herds.

Fecal culture has been the primary method used to diagnose paratuberculosis in goats. It is laborious, slow, and expensive. Validation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on milk samples could make paratuberculosis testing more widely available for goat farmers. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of serum and milk ELISAs for paratuberculosis, relative to fecal culture, in Chilean dairy goats. Eight dairy goat herds were selected. Feces, blood, and milk samples were collected from all female goats >2 years old. Fecal samples were cultured using Herrold egg yolk medium with mycobactin J and antibiotics. Serum and milk samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody detection. A total of 383 goats were tested by ELISA and fecal culture. The sensitivity of ELISA on serum and milk relative to fecal culture was 74.3% (95% CI: 59.8-88.8) and 60% (95% CI: 43.8-76.2), respectively. The corresponding values for ELISA specificity based on the percentage of non- M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected goats testing ELISA-negative were 98.6% (95% CI: 96.6-100) and 99.3% (95% CI: 97.9-100) on serum and milk, respectively. Proportions of positive results for serum and fecal samples were significantly different, whereas the proportions of positive results for milk and fecal samples were not significantly different. The milk ELISA had a moderate level of agreement with fecal culture results (Kappa = 0.57). The paratuberculosis ELISA on goat milk samples may be a cost-effective, accurate alternative to fecal culture.     

转柞蚕抗菌肽D基因辣椒的目的基因及表达产物检测

应用现代生物技术,从核酸和蛋白质水平对转柞蚕抗菌肽D基因辣椒第4代的目的基因进行了检测。发现所分离的柞蚕抗菌肽D基因与原设计的序列一样;辣椒组织中也含有抑菌物质,经与天然抗菌肽D对比,表明抗菌肽D基因得到了表达。     

乳牛产后血浆瘦素动态与亚临床酮病的相关分析

对某奶牛场16头乳牛产前10d至产后56d血样的瘦素、酮体、葡萄糖、脂肪水平及其动态特征和相关性进行了检测。结果表明，血浆瘦素、血酮、血脂含量在不同乳牛和不同时间点之间均有显著差异。酮体在产后14～49d出现高峰，瘦素和血脂从产后第0d到产后第56d内逐渐升高。瘦素水平与血脂水平呈极显著正相关，血酮与血糖呈极显著负相关。亚临床酮病组乳牛的瘦素和血脂水平分别极显著或显著低于血酮正常组，其瘦素、血酮和血糖在试验期内的波动频率明显减少，跨度变长，瘦素在试验期内仅出现一个两端接近0、波峰不超过1．5ng／mL的波。证实，产后乳牛瘦素、血酮、血糖含量的低频率波动变化和产后8周内血浆瘦素跨时持久的单峰动态变化与乳牛亚临床酮病的发生有关。     

黄河首曲—玛曲高寒湿地生态系统服务功能价值估算

结合试验和调查,综合运用市场价值法、替代费用法和影子工程法,从11类服务功能方面对黄河首曲—玛曲高寒湿地生态系统服务功能进行了定量估算,旨在为该地区经济发展及科学合理地保护和利用湿地资源提供依据。结果表明:玛曲高寒湿地生态服务功能总价值达159.42亿元/a,是该地区国民生产总值的36.65倍。其中以水文调节功能最大,为57.72亿元/a。其次为水源补给、文化科研、营养循环与储存和气候调节功能,分别为32.43亿、12.50亿、12.38亿和11.37亿元/a,环境净化、物质生产、生物多样性保护、土壤形成与保护和大气组分调节功能,分别为9.24亿、8.48亿、8.31亿、5.67亿和1.09亿元/a,休闲娱乐功能最低(0.23亿元/a)。充分说明,玛曲高寒湿地是"中国西部高原之肾",是黄河上游重要水源补给区和蓄洪区,是黄河上游生态系统的绿色生态屏障,对保证中下游地区生态安全具有重要的战略地位。     

Effects of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Physiological Characteristics in Medicago sativa Seedlings under Low-temperature Stress北大核心CSCD

In this study,the 'Ganong 5th' alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was used as experimental material,and two application methods (leaf application,root application) and six exogenous betaine concentrations (0,10,20,30,40 and 50 mmol·L-1) were used to treat the seedlings of alfalfa. Plant growth and related physiological indexes were measured after 7 days of low temperature (4?) stress,and the physiological mechanism of exogenous betaine to alleviate the low temperature stress of alfalfa was explored. The results showed that exogenous GB alleviated the loss of plant height,root length,leaf dry weight,root dry weight and chlorophyll content,and increase the content of soluble sugar (SS) and free proline (Pro),and reduced the increase in leaf relative membrane permeability and MDA content. Exogenous GB increased antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. And also,exogenous GB enhanced the osmotic adjustment capacity of the plant by increasing endogenous GB accumulation and BADH activity. These results indicated that exogenous GB enhanced the resistance of Medicago sativa to low-temperature stress under low temperature adjustment. The membership function analysis indicated that spraying 30 mmol·L-1 GB on the leaves and spraying 40 mmol·L-1 GB on the roots had the best effect on alleviating the low-temperature stress of alfalfa seedlings. © 2019 Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ ｏｆ Ｒｅｆｒｉｇｅｒａｔｉｏｎ. All rights reserved.     

The Use of Sex-Sorted Stallion Semen in Embryo Transfer Programs

Sorting stallion semen into two separate populations of enriched X- or Y-bearing sperm can be done successfully. For this, stallion semen can be shipped to a sorting facility, but the mare must be in close to the sorting laboratory. Fertility rates when using 20-40 million sperm are an acceptable 60% per insemination. The procedure can be implemented in embryo transfer programs, with no deleterious effect on the pregnancy rate or embryonic death.     

犬IFN-α优化基因的真核表达及抗病毒活性的研究

本研究根据酵母系统密码子的偏嗜性,对成熟蛋白基因核苷酸序列进行密码子偏嗜性改造,利用毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαC来表达犬IFN-α成熟蛋白基因。并采用非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero) -水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)系统以细胞病变抑制法为基础来测定重组犬α干扰素的效价,同样方法测定了表达产物对PRV和CDV的抑制作用。本试验实现了犬α干扰素在酵母中的高表达,表达量高达58 mg/L,SDS-PAGE检测大小约为24 ku,比预测分子质量大,推测发生了糖基化。表达产物具有较强的种属特异性,在Vero细胞上对PRV具有较高的抗病毒活性,达到了3.6×10⁷ U/L,对CDV也有很好的抑制作用。本研究为犬IFN-α以后的临床应用研究奠定基础。     

Grass greenness flush can influence breeding phenology and fertility in equatorial thoroughbred mares in the absence of photoperiod variation

Reproductive phenology is an important trait subjected to natural selection. Current horses in America belong to the Palearctic original populations after being introduced by European colonizers. Photoperiod variation is the main environmental factor for the adjustment of reproductive timing in horses, but is absent in equatorial areas. Here we hypothesize that seasonality of green‐grass availability may influence breeding phenology in equatorial regions. We used data of 929 services to mares from 2006 to 2011 in a thoroughbred equine exploitation in Ecuador that experienced strong grass seasonality. Actual births could not be used to infer natural phenology because they were influenced by management decisions. Instead, we used variations in the probability of pregnancy after a service as a measure of the natural tendency of mares to show breeding phenology. We found that although managers tended to schedule pregnancies in two periods within the year, mares were more prone to become pregnant after the increase in grass greenness that takes place at the beginning of the year (February). Our finding has potential applications to improve the success of services and the welfare of animals, by providing green‐grass stimuli in the appropriate season.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒gE抗体胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

以纯化的抗人红细胞单链抗体(ScFv)-猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE蛋白双功能融合蛋白为诊断抗原和胶体金标记物,以羊抗猪IgG包被硝酸纤维膜作为质控带,制作检测猪伪狂犬病毒gE抗体的双抗原胶体金试纸条。利用方阵滴定试验筛选出金标抗原最佳工作浓度为17.6μg,检测线诊断抗原最佳标记量为1.76μg,血清最佳稀释度为1∶10,作用时间15 min,与猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、猪布鲁菌(Brucella)阳性血清和PRVgE缺失疫苗接种的猪免疫血清检测线均不出现红色条带,与PRV标准阳性血清反应检测线出现红色条带。试纸条操作简单,肉眼于15 min内可判定结果;试纸条在室温保存6个月,其特异性和敏感性没有明显变化;与美国IDEXX和法国LSI gE-ELISA抗体检测诊断试剂盒检测结果比较,1 164份猪血清的符合率均为90.55%。制备的胶体金试纸条具有操作简便、敏感性和特异性较高的特点,可用于PRV野毒感染的快速筛查。     

披碱草属四种植物主要形态特征的变异性比较

应用变异系数、主成分分析、系统聚类分析方法,对披碱草属四种不同生境来源的18个居群的180份材料进行形态特征比较分析.变异系数分析结果表明:(1)披碱草属4种植物的不同居群在形态特征上具有变异性;(2)不同居群内及居群间的形态特征存在一定程度的变异;(3)穗部形态特征中的颖及稃特征是种间和种以下分类的重要依据.主成分分析结果表明:颖长、颖脉数、外稃长、内稃长、小穗长、小穗宽等是种间分类的重要特征指标.系统聚类分析法分析表明:在欧式距离等于5时可将来自不同生境的18个居群分为3类,经鉴定第一类为披碱草和老芒麦,第二类为麦宾草,第三类是圆柱披碱草;其中麦宾草的归类清晰.