Chemical, physical and sensory changes of small abalone meat during cooking

ABSTRACT:   Small abalone meats were heated at 80°C and 98°C for 0–120 min and the differences in chemical, physical and sensory changes of the cooked meats were investigated. The decrease in moisture and weight and the increase in browning and Hunter's b -value were relatively higher for cooking at 98°C than at 80°C. After cooking for 20–120 min, the total amount of adenosine triphosphate and its related compounds on a dry weight basis decreased by 17–27% at 80°C and by 30–39% at 98°C; the total amount of free amino acids on a dry weight basis changed insignificantly at 80°C but decreased by 22–35% after cooking at 98°C. The meats cooked at 80°C were higher in cutting force whereas the levels in the samples cooked at 98°C did not decrease until samples had been cooked for 60 min. The hydroxyproline content showed little change during cooking except for in samples cooked at 98°C for 120 min, in which the content was found to be low. The extended cooking at 80°C improved the acceptability of small abalone meat, whereas only the acceptability score of aroma increased significantly for cooking at 98°C.     

北碚榕（FicusbeipeiensisS. SChang）形态特征与花部显微特征研究

北碚榕（Ficus beipeiensis S.S Chang）雌雄异株,仅分布在重庆市北碚区北温泉附近的石灰岩壁上,目前调查仅发现5株野生植株．本文主要采用形态学、解剖学及生态学方法对北碚榕及其近缘种（大果榕、苹果榕）的形态特点进行比较研究．结果表明：①雌雄植株在形态结构上差异显著,雄株：叶呈卵圆形,纸质,平均直径约为3.90 cm ,圆盘形;雌株：叶呈长椭圆形,硬纸质,平均直径约为1.51 cm ,梨形;在叶的形态结构上北碚榕雄株类似于大果榕;雌株叶形与两种榕树不相同．雄株花序形态结构上,近似于两者而雌株花序与其相比差异较大．②雌花只存在于雌性隐头花序内,在雌花期时发育成熟,雌花花柱呈棒状,子房球形;雄花序内有瘿花和雄花,瘿花于间花期成熟,雄花于雄花期发育成熟;瘿花花柱呈喇叭状,子房倒卵形;雄花具雄蕊2枚,分布在苞片周围,并不散生在花序内;三种花的形态结构特点与传粉小蜂的行为密切相关．     

江苏省杂交棉花品种性状研究及育种思路

研究2001-2013年江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过的杂交棉花品种的性状表现,为杂交棉育种提供参考.根据区域试验数据,采用Excel等统计方法分析杂交棉花品种的亲本来源、产量表现、纤维品质及抗性等性状.结果表明：杂交棉品种亲本多为苏审常规棉与‘GK19’;不同阶段育成品种产量稳步提高,但增产幅度有降低趋势;单株铃数有渐近增加的趋势;30个白色杂交棉品种中,衣分均高于39.5％,铃重5.9 g以上的品种占60％;纤维品质达Ⅲ型以上品种占93.5％;近50％品种对枯、黄萎病的抗性达耐病级别;抗虫性有待提高.近期杂交棉育种以改进纤维品质与抗性为主,稳步提高产量;思路上注重种质资源创新,充分利用生物技术,研究“三系”杂交棉;重点开展病虫抗性和品质研究.     

Effect of microRNA-132 transfection on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rat alveolar macrophages

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA-132 (miR-132) transfection on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat alveolar macrophages. METHODS: The rat alveolar macrophage NR8383 cultured without pyrogen in vitrowere divided into blank control group, negative control group and transfected group. The cells in the 3 groups were transfected with phosphate buffer solution (PBS), Lipofectamine 2000 and synthesized miR-132 mimic respectively. The cell proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-132 in the cells. After NR8383 cells were stimulated with LPS for 6 h, the NF-κB DNA-binding activity was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in NR8383 cells was assayed by Western blotting.RESULTS: After transfection, the expression of miR-132 was significantly higher than that in blank control group and negative control group. The growth of NR8383 cells in transfected group was significantly inhibited compared with blank control group and negative control group (P<0.05). After the cells were stimulated with LPS, the productions of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 in transfected NR8383 cells were decreased compared with blank control group and negative control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Transfection of alveolar macrophages with miR-132 significantly suppresses the cell growth, and inhibits inflammatory responses induced by LPS.     

Quantification of tryptase and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 double-positive mast cells in different degrees of human periodontitis

AIM：To examine the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 1 (TIM-1) on tryptase-positive mast cells (MCs) in different severities of human chronic periodontitis. METHODS：Human gingival specimens (n=92) were involved in this study, including healthy control (n=27), mild chronic periodontitis (n=34) and severe chronic periodontitis (n=31). The gingival specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde. Paraffin embedding and serial sectioning with hematoxylin and eosin staining were performed for histopathological examination, and double-immunofluorescence staining was conducted for identification of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs in the gingival tissues. RESULTS：Compared with the healthy controls, the densities (cells/mm2) of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs were significantly increased in both mild chronic periodontitis group (P<0.05) and severe chronic periodontitis group (P<0.01). However, compared with mild chronic periodontitis group, both the score of gingival tissue inflammation and the density of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs in the gingival tissues were significantly increased in severe periodontitis group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：Significantly increased number of tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs has the similar tendency as the severity of periodontitis inflammation in human chronic periodontitis, suggesting that tryptase-TIM-1 double-positive MCs may play an important role in human chronic periodotitis.     

春季栽培甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号的种植密度筛选试验

为了研究春季栽培时,不同定植密度对甜玉米品种鄂甜玉6号主要农艺性状、产量及品质的影响,对2800、3200、3500、4000株／667m^2 4个种植密度进行了比较试验,结果显示,春季栽培时3200～3500株／667m^2为鄂甜玉6号最适宜的种植密度．其产量较高。     

三疣梭子蟹分级养殖技术

在浙江沿海地区,三疣梭子蟹已经逐步发展成为水产养殖的主导品种之一。笔者在总结多年三疣梭子蟹养殖生产技术与经验的基础上提出三疣梭子蟹分级养殖技术,通过指导养殖生产获得了较好的成效。三疣梭子蟹分级养殖技术是根据三疣梭子蟹生长发育的生物学特性和养殖生态要求,将三疣梭子蟹养殖全过程划分为种蟹培育期、苗种繁育期、中间培育期、养成生长期、膏蟹培育期等5个阶段,在养成期结合浙江地区的气候特点又细分为生长期、高温期、交配期等3个管理阶段,各个阶段采取相应的养殖技术和管理措施,开展养殖工作的一种方法。     

2株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离、鉴定及遗传进化分析

Two strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) were isolated from serum of some pig farms in Guangdong province and showed PRRSV positive in RT-PCR testing. The two viruses could passage stably and cause typical cenotaphic effect, they were named as LZ-GD and LB-GD. The analysis of variable region sequences of ORF5 and Nsp2 of the two viruses showed that LZ-GD and LB-GD strains were far to Europe strain Lelystad, the homology of nuclear nucleotide sequence were 63.5% and 63.8%, respectively, with classic American strain VR-2332 were 88.7% and 89.1%, respectively, and that with highly pathogenic JXA-1 strain were 99.2% and 99.3%, respectively. There were 30 amino acids deletion in Nsp2. It shared the deletion with JXA-1, HUN4 and other pathogenic variant. Thus, the two strains of PRRSV belonged to highly pathogenic American type.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒核衣壳蛋白与糖蛋白的表达纯化及鉴定

In order to gain nucleocapsid protein （N） and glycoprotein （E） of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）, the total RNA was extracted,ORF7 and ORF5 genes were obtained by RT-PCR, inserted into pET-28a(+) vector, and then transformed into Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）,respectively. The expressed products were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and purified by affinity chromatography. The results showed that N and E fusion protein were successfully expressed and the proteins had good reactionogenicities by Western blotting analysis. The purities of the purified proteins were 89% and 90%, respectively. This study could lay foundations for molecular biological function research and establishment of test methods for detection antibodies of PRRSV.     

Characterization of the DNA nucleotide sequences in the genome of red sea bream iridoviruses isolated in Korea

The nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from four different genomic regions of nine red sea bream iridoviruses (RSIVs) isolated from different species of fish, different areas and in different years in Korea were compared with the reported reference sequences. One isolate, RSIV Namhae, showed 100% homology to the reference sequences, while the other eight isolates, which appeared to contain identical nucleotide sequences, showed 96.6–98.9% homology with reference sequences depending upon the target regions of PCR gene amplification. However, differences in nucleotide sequences were not apparent between the RSIVs isolated in different locations, in different years or in different host species. We also cloned and sequenced the 3′ end flanking region (K1) of the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using the cassette ligation-mediated PCR method. This sequence was 4436-bp long and possessed two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) oriented in opposite directions. The putative proteins encoded by these two ORFs could not be characterized by comparison with the proteins of other species in the data banks. The presence of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (RNRS) gene at the 3′ end of the K1 region allowed us to determine that these two genes, RNRS and DPOL, are separated 5508 bp and oriented in the same direction in the genome of RSIV. Moreover, it is of interest that a PstI-restriction fragment, of which the sequence but not the location within the RSIV genome had previously been reported, is located at nucleotide positions from 1096 to 2054, extending from within the ORF-1 region, spanning the intervening sequence between ORF-1 and ORF-2, and extending into the ORF-2 region. Various repeating sequences up to 86 bp were present at the 3′ ends of ORFs, especially within the nucleotide sequences at the 3′ terminus of ORF-2. No similarities were detected when the DNA sequences of the K1 region were compared to the DNA sequences of a repetitive element in the genome of other iridoviruses.