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61.
Medium- and long-chain dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate antioxidants such as dioctyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, didodecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, dihexadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate, and di-(cis-9-octadecenyl) 3,3'-thiodipropionate were prepared in high yield by lipase-catalyzed esterification and transesterification of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid and its dimethyl ester, respectively, with the corresponding medium- or long-chain 1-alkanols, i.e., 1-octanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-hexadecanol, and cis-9-octadecen-1-ol, in vacuo (80 kPa) at moderate temperatures (60-80 degrees C) without solvents. Immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435) was the most active biocatalyst for the preparation of medium- and long-chain dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionates showing enzyme activities up to 1489 units/g, whereas the immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme RM IM) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme TL IM) were by far less active ( approximately 10 enzyme units/g). Maximum conversions to dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionates were as high as 92-98% after 4 h of reaction time. Similarly, dihexadecyl 2,2'-thiodiacetate was prepared in high yield using 2,2'-thiodiacetic acid or diethyl 2,2'-thiodiacetate and 1-hexadecanol as the starting materials and Novozym 435 as the biocatalyst. 相似文献
62.
63.
Nehemia Anthony Mashiringwani Kingstone Mashingaidze Josephine Kangai Klaus Olsen 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):33-44
Summary Grain filling rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) positively influences grain yield under a wide range of conditions. The effective utilization of this trait in breeding depends on an understanding of its genetic control. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the genetic basis of grain filling rate in six crosses of wheat. Higher order genic interactions and/or linkage were important in the genetic regulation of grain filling rate (GFR) in the majority of crosses. Additive ([d]) and dominance ([h]) gene effects were important in the control of GFR in main ears (ME) and whole plant ears (WPE). Additive and additive × additive epistatic effects were the most important in the genetic control of GFR in last ears (LE). Location effects on genetic effects for GFR were significant (P < 0.05) in all ear types of some crosses except in ME. Genotype × environment interaction effects were important (P < 0.001) in LE and WPE.It was concluded that the inheritance of GFR is complex and is dependent on ear type. Breeding procedures that facilitate the exploitation of non-additive and additive gene effects were recommended for the genetic improvement of grain filling rate of wheat. 相似文献
64.
New Potentilla synonyms of the Fragaria species names are discussed and considered to be dispensable. Further unnecessary nomenclatural changes based on the argument to recognize monophyletic but not paraphyletic taxa should be avoided to maintain nomenclatural stability for global communication about plant genetic resources. The new combination Fragaria×rosea (Mabb.) K. Hammer et Pistrick is presented for the hybrid Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. ×Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier. 相似文献
65.
Surface charge of clay-humus fractions from Chernozems as a function of pH and Ca-concentration The charge characteristics of clay-humus fractions from A-horizons of several Chernozems as a function of Ca concentration and pH of the soil solution was investigated. The surface charge was measured by titration with charge compensating polyelectrolytes; the endpoint was at zero potential. A logarithmic dependence of the surface charge [molc/kg] on the Ca concentration of the soil solution in the range ? 2 mmol/L was observed. The influence of pH on the surface charge was almost linear over a wide range of pH-values, the change in pH-dependent charges being most pronounced for the horizons with low Ca saturation on the exchange sites. It was also found that the competition between protons and Ca ions for the exchange sites leads to a distinct decrease of the influence of Ca concentration on the surface charge in acid environment. The reason for slaking of the soil surface and of the displacement of clay-humus particles in Chernozems could be attributed to an increase in surface charge with decreasing Ca concentrations after leaching of lime. According to the present findings the drop in mobility of the clay-humus fractions during acidification could be explained by a charge compensating effect of protons and aluminium ions. 相似文献
66.
Book Review
Book reviews, Hunting the Wild Potato in the South American Andes: Memories of the British Empire Potato Collecting Expedition to South America 1938– 1939. J. [John ‘Jack’] G. [Gregory] Hawkes.Botanical and Experimental Garden, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2004. 224 pp.ISBN 90-9018021-4. 相似文献67.
68.
Klaus Ebert 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):439-447
Die deutsche Wissenschaft trägt internationale Verantwortung für die Weiterentwicklung der Wissenschaft als gemeinsames Gut aller Völker, für die Stärkung des Friedens in Europa und der Welt und für die Erhaltung der Umwelt—regional und global. Diese dreifache Verantwortung erwächst ihr aus der reichen Tradition der deutschen Wissenschaft, aus unserer immer noch guten ökonomischen Situation und aus der Tatsache, daß wir Verursacher und Leidtragende von regionalen und globalen Umweltschäden sind. Der Nutzen für die deutsche Wissenschaft ist evident: Wissenschaft gedeiht im internationalen Dialog und leidet in der Isolation, sie profitiert von Frieden und Wohlstand in der Welt, von Exportindustrie und Technologietransfer und sie braucht den Zugang zu fremden Lebensräumen für die Umweltforschung im weitesten Sinne. An Beispielen aus der Ökologie tropischer Küstenzonen werden Formen kombinierter Forschungs‐ und Ausbildungsprojekte als Schritte zur Entwicklung partnerschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit und zum Aufbau von eigenständiger Forschungskapazität in Entwicklungsländern geschildert. 相似文献
69.
不同水分条件下水稻根系生长与产量变化关系研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
大田试验条件下设置常规水稻和覆草旱作水稻两个处理,研究不同水分条件下水稻根系生长对水稻产量的影响。结果表明:旱作水稻根冠比较常规水稻高23.2%。常规水稻最大根深为28cm,旱作水稻为35cm。水稻旱作后根系呼吸强度有明显增加。早造常规水稻断根后产量下降15%~23%,而旱作水稻断1/4根产量增加约20%。晚造常规水稻断根处理之间产量没有显著性差异,而旱作水稻断3/4根处理产量较不断根处理下降20.4%。早造水稻断根不利于水稻贮存物质输出而有利用于净光合产物积累。断根后旱作水稻穗增重增加,而常规水稻断根后穗增重下降。晚造旱作水稻断根后贮存物质输出减少,断1/4根处理水稻净光合生产量有升高趋势,但断根过多则引起净光合生产量下降,最终导致穗增重下降。常规水稻断根后对贮存物质的输出影响不大,断1/4根水稻净光合生产量有升高趋势,但断根过多则导致净光合生产量的下降。 相似文献
70.
Mixed modelling for QTL × environment interaction analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Phenotypic data for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies are typically generated at multiple environments in order
to broaden the inference space. Many aspects of the usually complex design call for a mixed modelling approach taking into
account various sources of variation, e.g., incomplete blocks, a spatial error structure, genetic correlations due to the
pedigree, and random environmental effects, including QTL × E interaction. Perhaps the most important source of random variation
is the genetic correlation across environment, which arises when the same set of lines is tested in each environment. This
correlation is likely to be positive, and ignoring it will lead to an increased rate of false positives. In this paper, we
present a mixed modelling framework for QTL mapping based on complex data from multiple environments. Our main focus is on
an appropriate modelling for the non-QTL part. The methodology will be illustrated using a barley data set from a BC2F2:5 advanced backcross trial.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献