太行山羊遗传检测

应用随机整群抽样方法，对太行山羊的两个群体共72只成年羊，用淀粉凝胶电泳法测定了33个血液蛋白座位，并对毛色和外形特征进行了检测。结果表明，运铁蛋白（Tf）、前白蛋白－3（Pa－3）、肽酶－B（Pep-B）、碱性磷酸酶（Alp）、亮氨酸胺肽酶（LAP）和酯酶－D（Es-D)6个血液蛋白座位表现多态性，多态位点比例为0．1818；12个类别 25种外型特征中7个有变异体；4个毛色座位有变异。平均杂合度分析表明，太行山羊变异程度较大（H＝0．555），说明太行山羊群体有效规模较大，目前尚未面临急 待保种的局面.     

PCR技术在蜜蜂疾病诊断中的应用*

 由于蜜蜂疾病的传统诊断方法费时、费力,因此开发快速诊断技术非常重要。分子生物学技术的发展为其提供了可能。笔者对PCR技术在蜜蜂疾病诊断中的应用现状作了综述,并对其中存在的问题和应用前景进行了探讨。     

Carbonate deposition, climate stability, and Neoproterozoic ice ages

The evolutionary success of planktic calcifiers during the Phanerozoic stabilized the climate system by introducing a new mechanism that acts to buffer ocean carbonate-ion concentration: the saturation-dependent preservation of carbonate in sea-floor sediments. Before this, buffering was primarily accomplished by adjustment of shallow-water carbonate deposition to balance oceanic inputs from weathering on land. Neoproterozoic ice ages of near-global extent and multimillion-year duration and the formation of distinctive sedimentary (cap) carbonates can thus be understood in terms of the greater sensitivity of the Precambrian carbon cycle to the loss of shallow-water environments and CO2-climate feedback on ice-sheet growth.     

HPLC法测定昆明山海棠蜜中雷公藤甲素的含量

 昆明山海棠蜜经萃取洗脱后，采用反相C¹⁸柱，以乙腈-水（30∶70）为流动相，以218 nm为检测波长，检测昆明山海棠蜜中雷公藤甲素的含量。结果：雷公藤甲素在1～20 μg/g范围内线性良好，r为0.999 9，平均回收率为103.06%（n=5），RSD为1.71%。     

γ闪烁显像测定固体食物实验餐的胃排空时间

本研究利用~(99m)Tc标记717树脂制备符合生理条件的固体实验餐对10例正常人和25例慢性萎缩性胃炎、10例甲亢、5例甲减病人行胃排空时间(GET)测定。结果表明~(99m)Tc标记717树脂核素检查法稳定性好、重复性佳,是合乎生理性的胃运动功能检查法。本实验餐制备简单,便于推广。慢性萎缩性胃炎(GET1/2 62.89±9.13min)较正常对照组(GET1/2 51.62±3.69min)胃排空延迟(P<0.01);甲亢(GET1/2 35.12±10.09min)排空增快(P<0.01)、甲减(GET1/281.86±14.45min)排空延迟(P<0.01)。     

亚洲部分地区东方蜜蜂mtDNA多态性研究

 就云南省7个不同样点共7群东方蜜蜂蜂群开展mtDNA内切酶位点测试和分析研究,并与菲律宾的东方蜜蜂作对比分析。内切酶DraI分析7个蜂群,共发现4个内切酶位点;云南东方蜜蜂mtDNA的tRNAleu-COII基因的序列没有长度多态性,EcoRI内切酶位点共有4个,与菲律宾的吕宋岛的东方蜜蜂属于同一单倍型。另外,对来自尼泊尔、泰国、越南、老挝以及我国北京、云南等地的共13群蜜蜂mtDNA COII基因的420个碱基对进行测序分析,发现13群东方蜜蜂分析的420个碱基序列里,位点变异从0个到5个不等,变异率从0到1.19％. 用邻接法(neighbor-joining)构建的分子系统树可以看出分枝树主要分为两个类群:高纬度或高海拔的蜂群为一个类群,它们主要来自撒营盘（2）（China 4）、丽江(China 7)、北京(1)（China 1）、尼泊尔（Nepal）、北京（2）（China 2）、河口（1）（China 8）和越南（2）（Vietnam 2）。另一个类群的主要来自低纬度或低海拔的蜂群,它们主要来自撒营盘（1）（China 3）、景洪（China 5）、越南（1）（Vietnam 1）、泰国（Thailand）、河口(2) (China 6)和老挝(Laos)。该实验为我国东方蜜蜂资源的保护和开发研究提供了重要的信息和手段。     

Delineating the drivers of waning wildlife habitat: The predominance of cotton farming on the fringe of protected areas in the Mid-Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe’s Mid-Zambezi Valley is of global importance for the emblematic mega-fauna of Africa. Over the past 30 years rapid land use change in this area has substantially reduced wildlife habitat. Tsetse control operations are often blamed for this. In this study, we quantify this change for the Dande Communal Area, Mbire District, of the Mid-Zambezi Valley and analyse the contribution of three major potential drivers: (1) increase in human population; (2) increase in cattle population (and the expansion of associated plough-based agriculture), and; (3) expansion of cotton farming. Although direct effects of land use change on wildlife densities could not be proven, our study suggests that the consequences for elephant and buffalo numbers are negative. All three of the above drivers have contributed to the observed land use change. However, we found farmland to have expanded faster than the human population, and to have followed a similar rate of expansion in cattle sparse, tsetse infested areas as in tsetse free areas where cattle-drawn plough agriculture dominates. This implies the existence of a paramount driver, which we demonstrate to be cotton farming. Contrary to common belief, we argue that tsetse control was not the major trigger behind the dramatic land use change observed, but merely alleviated a constraint to cattle accumulation. We argue that without the presence of a cash crop (cotton), land use change would have been neither as extensive nor as rapid as has been observed. Therefore, conservation agencies should be as concerned by the way people farm as they are by population increase. Conserving biodiversity without jeopardising agricultural production will require the development of innovative technological and institutional options in association with policy and market interventions.     

DNA methylation analysis on satellite I region in blastocysts obtained from somatic cell cloned cattle

Many observations have been made on cloned embryos and on adult clones by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but it is still unclear whether the progeny of cloned animals is presenting normal epigenetic status. Here, in order to accumulate the information for evaluating the normality of cloned cattle, we analyzed the DNA methylation status on satellite I region in blastocysts obtained from cloned cattle. Embryos were produced by artificial insemination (AI) to non‐cloned or cloned dams using semen from non‐cloned or cloned sires. After 7 days of AI, embryos at blastocyst stage were collected by uterine flushing. The DNA methylation levels in embryos obtained by using semen and/or oocytes from cloned cattle were similar to those in in vivo embryos from non‐cloned cattle. In contrast, the DNA methylation levels in SCNT embryos were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those in in vivo embryos from non‐cloned and cloned cattle, approximately similar to those in somatic cells used as donor cells. Thus, this study provides useful information that epigenetic status may be normal in the progeny of cloned cattle, suggesting the normality of germline cells in cloned cattle.