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排序方式: 共有271条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
52.
de Waard MA Andrade AC Hayashi K Schoonbeek HJ Stergiopoulos I Zwiers LH 《Pest management science》2006,62(3):195-207
Drug transporters are membrane proteins that provide protection for organisms against natural toxic products and fungicides. In plant pathogens, drug transporters function in baseline sensitivity to fungicides, multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence on host plants. This paper describes drug transporters of the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter, Botrytis cinerea Pers and Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fückel) Schroter that function in fungicide sensitivity and resistance. The fungi possess ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters that mediate MDR to fungicides in laboratory mutants. Similar mutants are not pronounced in field resistance to most classes of fungicide but may play a role in resistance to azoles. MDR may also explain historical cases of resistance to aromatic hydrocarbon fungicides and dodine. In clinical situations, MDR development in Candida albicans (Robin) Berkhout mediated by ABC transporters in patients suffering from candidiasis is common after prolonged treatment with azoles. Factors that can explain this striking difference between agricultural and clinical situations are discussed. Attention is also paid to the risk of MDR development in plant pathogens in the future. Finally, the paper describes the impact of fungal drug transporters on drug discovery. 相似文献
53.
Yasuyuki Tsukamasa Keisuke Kato Bimol Chandra Roy Yasunori Ishibashi Toru Kobayashi Tomohiro Itoh Masashi Ando 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):349-355
The color of the red muscle of pelagic fish is used as an indicator of freshness, and sustaining a bright red color is important for maintaining the commercial value of pelagic fish. Feeding fish with antioxidant compounds can delay metmyoglobin (metMb) formation, but the process requires long-term feeding. Live cultured Japanese horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus were used in this study. After anesthetization, 2 ml of blood was drawn from blood vessels, and a parenteral solution including an antioxidant compound was injected. Browning, metMb formation, and lipid oxidation of dark muscle during chilled storage were delayed by injecting sodium l-ascorbate as an antioxidant compound in the blood vessels of live fish. 相似文献
54.
Yamaguchi A Clayton RN Mayeda TK Ebihara M Oura Y Miura YN Haramura H Misawa K Kojima H Nagao K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5566):334-336
Eucrites are a class of basaltic meteorites that share common mineralogical, isotopic, and chemical properties and are thought to have been derived from the same parent body, possibly asteroid 4 Vesta. The texture, mineralogy, and noble gas data of the recently recovered meteorite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 011, are similar to those of basaltic eucrites. However, the oxygen isotopic composition of NWA011 is different from that of other eucrites, indicating that NWA011 may be derived from a different parent body. The presence of basaltic meteorites with variable oxygen isotopic composition suggests the occurrence of multiple basaltic meteorite parent bodies, perhaps similar to 4 Vesta, in the early solar system. 相似文献
55.
Te‐Hua Hsu Zhi‐Yong Wang Keisuke Takata Hiroshi Onozato Takuya Hara Jin‐Chywan Gwo 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e316-e325
Formosa landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endemic, critically endangered subspecies of Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex, is only found in Taiwan. Because the eyed eggs and ungutted carcasses of Pacific salmons (genus Oncorhynchus) are imported for aquaculture and food to Taiwan from overseas every year, the requirement for preventing illegal trade or accidental commercial imports to avoid unwanted fish from contaminating the gene pool of Formosa landlocked salmon and infect them with diseases is critical for the conservation of Formosa landlocked salmon. Traditional morphology‐based species identification is impossible for salmon eggs and larvae that lack clearly defined morphological features. In the present study, the genetic differences among four subspecies (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae, O. masou subsp., Oncorhynchus masou masou and O. masou formosanus) of Cherry salmon complex were determined from microsatellite DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses. We successfully generated a genetic marker to aid traditional taxonomy and investigate the integrity of the current taxonomic status among members of Cherry salmon complex. Use of molecular markers, in combination with traditional morphological identification, is a promising tool for identifying four closely related subspecies of Cherry salmon complex. 相似文献
56.
Masahiko Awaji Toshie Matsumoto Keisuke Yamano Makiko Kitamura Akihiko Hara 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(2):191-197
Ovarian follicle cells are the site of yolk protein synthesis in the Ezo abalone Haliotis discus hannai. In this study, histological observations of ovarian follicle cells were conducted in H. discus hannai by immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization methods focusing on their function of yolk protein synthesis. An antibody
raised against purified yolk protein (vitellin, Vn) recognized yolk granules in oocytes, and ovarian follicle cells adjacent
to the oocytes under yolk accumulation were stained positively with both anti-Vn antibody and an antisense probe for vitellogenin
(the precursor for vitellin, Vtg) mRNA. These results indicate that the abalone Vtg gene is transcribed and translated in
the ovarian follicle cells. In oocytes in the early phase of yolk accumulation, positive reactions with the antibody appeared
first in the stalk part, and the follicle cells adjacent to the stalk were also stained positively. These observations imply
local transport of yolk protein from the follicle cells to the oocyte through an extracellular space around the oocyte stalk.
Ovarian follicle cells changed their morphological characteristics and reactivity to the antibody in close relation to the
stages of the adjacent oocyte, which suggests the presence of functional interactions between follicle cells and oocytes in
the course of yolk protein synthesis and accumulation. 相似文献
57.
To investigate the influence of heating and drying history on the microstructure of dry wood, in addition to the dynamic viscoelastic
properties, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood at ice.water temperature (273 K) was measured, and the micropore size distribution was obtained
using the Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm exist in the microstructures of dry wood, and they decreased
with elevating out-gassing temperature and increased again after rewetting and drying. Dry wood subjected to higher temperatures
showed larger dynamic elastic modulus (E′) and smaller loss modulus (E″). This is interpreted as the result of the modification at higher temperature of the instability caused by drying. Drying
history influenced the number of micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in dry wood not subjected to high temperature, although the
difference in the number of micropores resulting from the drying history decreased with increasing out-gassing temperature.
A larger number of micropores smaller than 0.6 nm exist in the microstructure of dry wood in more unstable states, corresponding
to smaller E′ and larger E″ than in the stable state. Consequently, unstable states are considered to result from the existence of temporary micropores
in the microstructures of dry wood, probably in lignin.
Part of this report was presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, March 2005, and at
the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, August 2006 相似文献
58.
Hafez E Takahashi T Ogawa H Sato M Nakai T Takasu C Uehara H Izumi K 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(4):187-193
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are believed to be risk factors for colorectal cancer
in humans. In experiment 1, male nondiabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats and
Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model animal of type 2 DM, were
whole-body X-irradiated (4 Gy) at 6 and 8 weeks of age and euthanized at 78 weeks of age
(n=15, respectively). The incidences of small intestine adenocarcinoma in LETO and OLETF
rats were 0% and 30%, respectively. In experiment 2, male LETO and OLETF rats (n=24,
respectively) were given s.c. injections of 15 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) once weekly for 3
weeks and euthanized at 36 weeks of age. The incidences of Zymbal gland tumors in LETO and
OLETF rats were 0% and 67%, respectively (P<0.001), whereas those of
small intestine adenocarcinoma were 0% and 43% (P<0.001) and those of
cecum/colon adenocarcinoma were 46% and 79% (P<0.05), respectively.
Fatty change of hepatocytes was common in OLETF rats (63%) but not in LETO rats. Serum
triglyceride and free fatty acid levels in OLETF rats were significantly higher than in
LETO rats at sacrifice, whereas serum insulin levels in OLETF rats were very diverse.
These data suggest that hyperlipidemia plays a significant role in high susceptibility to
lower intestinal tract carcinogenesis in OLETF rats; this strain is susceptible to
AOM-induced Zymbal gland carcinogenesis. 相似文献
59.
Yamamoto Y Yamamoto T Yuto N Hildebrandt TB Lueders I Wibbelt G Shiina O Mouri Y Sugimura K Sakamoto S Kaewmanee S Nagaoka K Watanabe G Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):105-111
The objective of the present study was to define the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in pregnant African and Asian elephants. Levels of immunoreactive (ir-) PRL in serum and placental homogenates were measured by a heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) based on an ovine and human RIA system, and the localization of ir-PRL in the placenta was detected by immunohistochemistry using anti-human PRL. Circulating ir-PRL clearly showed a biphasic pattern during pregnancy in African and Asian elephants. Serum levels of ir-PRL started to increase from the 4 - 6th month of gestation and reached the first peak level around the 11-14th month. A second peak of circulating ir-PRL levels was observed around the 18-20th month of gestation followed by an abrupt decline after parturition. In contrast, in a case of abortion of an African elephant, the second peak of ir-PRL was not observed, and the levels remained low for about four months until parturition. The weight of the fetus delivered at the 17th month of gestation was 23.5 kg, which was quite small compared with normal fetuses in previous reports. Ir-PRL was detected in placental homogenates, and immunolocalization was observed in trophoblasts in both the African and Asian elephants, indicating that the placenta is the source of ir-PRL during pregnancy in elephants. The present results clearly demonstrated that circulating ir-PRL shows a biphasic pattern during normal pregnancy and that the placenta appears to be an important source of circulating ir-PRL during pregnancy in both African and Asian elephants. 相似文献
60.
Takuma AOKI Hiroshi SUNAHARA Keisuke SUGIMOTO Tetsuro ITO Eiichi KANAI Sakurako NEO Yoko FUJII Yoshito WAKAO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(9):1187-1190
Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (DLVOTO) is a common condition in cats
and humans. In this case report, a dog is described with DLVOTO secondary to severe
intra-abdominal hemorrhage caused by a hemangiosarcoma. The dog was a 9-year-old, 35.7-kg,
spayed female German Shepard dog that presented with a history of tachypnea and collapse.
A Levine II/VI systolic murmur was present at the heart base. Abdominal ultrasonography
revealed a splenic mass and a large amount of ascites. Echocardiography showed a reduced
left ventricular diameter and an increased aortic velocity caused by systolic anterior
motion (SAM) of the mitral valve apparatus. The heart murmur and the SAM were resolved
after treatment including a splenectomy and a blood transfusion. 相似文献