Effects of atorvastatin on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy of neonatal rat induced by angiotensinⅡ in vitro and TLR4 expression

AIM: To assess effects of atorvastatin (Ator) on cardiac myocytes (CM) hypertrophy of neonatal rat induced by angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) in vitro and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression for theoretical bases of preventing and treating myocardial hypertrophy.METHODS: CM of neonatal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were isolated with trypsin digestion method and those growth-arrested cells were stimulated with 10^-7 mol/L AngⅡ in the presence of various concentrations of Ator.The method of coomassie brilliant blue was adopted to evaluate the protein contents of CM.The changes in β-MHC,AT₁ receptor and TLR4 mRNA expression were observed by RT-PCR.RESULTS: ① AngⅡ increased the protein content of CM and β-MHC mRNA expression significantly,upregulated AT₁ receptor and TLR4 gene expression.② In a dose-dependent manner,Ator inhibited the increases in the protein contents of CM and β-MHC mRNA expression induced by AngⅡ.③ In a dose-dependent manner,Ator downregulated the AT₁ receptor and TLR4 mRNA expression of CM hypertrophy of neonatal rat induced by AngⅡ.CONCLUSION: Ator inhibits CM hypertrophy,downregulates the AT₁ receptor and TLR4 gene expression.     

人工控制自然交尾条件下中国对虾父本的微卫星识别

人工控制自然交尾条件下,在保持中国对虾雌、雄5∶1的交配比率下,获得了两尾交尾并产生子代的雌虾,同时有4个疑似父本需要识别.利用3个微卫星引物及其组成的三重PCR技术对4个疑似父本进行了鉴别,准确的找到了相应的与雌虾交尾的雄虾.这为建立半同胞家系提供了一种新的技术和思路.     

草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因的克隆及表达分析

氮素是制约草坪草生长发育的重要因素之一,GS/GOGAT循环是植物氮同化的主要途径,谷氨酸合酶（glutamine：2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase,glutamate synthase,GOGAT）在植物氮素转化过程中发挥着重要的催化作用。本研究以草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）为试材,基于二代测序RNA-seq相关数据,克隆得到草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因,并进行生物信息学分析。结果表明：草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因序列为3 236 bp,完整的开放阅读框（Open Reading Frame Finder,ORF）为1 338 bp,编码445个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白;预测NADH-GOGAT蛋白的分子量为49.89KD,等电点（isoelectric point,pI）为6.11,无信号肽,含有1个Glu_syn_central结构域,属于Glu_syn_central超级家族;二级结构以无规则卷曲、α-螺旋、延伸链和β-转角为主;同源进化分析结果表明草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT与硬粒黑小麦氨基酸序列相似度为97%。草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因在叶部的相对表达量高于根与茎,低氮浓度更有利于该基因的表达。NADH-GOGAT在干旱胁迫和水氮互作中表达差异显著（P<0.05）。草地早熟禾NADH-GOGAT基因的克隆,及相关序列分析和基因表达,对进一步研究该基因的功能和草地早熟禾GS/GOGAT循环的调控过程具有一定意义。     

溴尿嘧啶处理受精卵对中国对虾抗病和生长的影响

以5-溴尿嘧啶(5-Bromouracil,5-BrUra)为诱变剂,分别以前期实验在半致死条件下获得的处理浓度、时间组合0.5 mg/ml 9 h(0.5～9)、0.3 mg/ml 16 h(0.3～16)来处理受精卵,培养获得诱变材料,对处理群体抗病力和生长性状进行分析,探讨化学诱变剂对中国对虾Fenneropenaeus chinensis抗白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)能力和生长的影响.WSSV攻毒实验结果表明,0.5～9处理组、0.3～16处理组和对照组存活时间分别为77.20±3.71 h、74.57±2.88 h和81.45±2.98 h,三者之间不存在显著差异,说明在本实验条件下,5-溴尿嘧啶处理受精卵不能显著提高中国对虾对WSSV的抵抗能力(P>0.05).生长实验结果表明,在实验开始第21天至第60天之间,两处理组特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组;实验结束时,经过5-溴尿嘧啶处理的中国对虾群体的体长、体重日增长率显著高于对照组,且两个处理组之间没有显著差异,表明经5-溴尿嘧啶处理可能促进中国对虾的生长.但这些生长特性能否稳定遗传给后代尚需进一步研究.     

Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses

The effect of hay type on the microbiome of the equine gastrointestinal tract is relatively unexplored. Our objective was to characterize the cecal and fecal microbiome of mature horses consuming alfalfa or Smooth Bromegrass (brome) hay. Six cecally cannulated horses were used in a split-plot design run as a crossover in two periods. The whole plot treatment was ad libitum access to brome or alfalfa hay fed over two 21-d acclimation periods with subplots of sampling location (cecum and rectum) and sampling hour. Each acclimation period was followed by a 24-h collection period where cecal and fecal samples were collected every 3 h for analysis of pH and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Fecal and cecal samples were pooled and sent to a commercial lab (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) for the amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq. The main effects of hay on VFA, pH, and taxonomic abundances were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of hay, hour, location, period, and all possible interactions and random effect of horse. Alpha and beta diversities were analyzed using the R Dame package. Horses fed alfalfa had greater fecal than cecal pH (P ≤ 0.05), whereas horses fed brome had greater cecal than fecal pH (P ≤ 0.05). Regardless of hay type, total VFA concentrations were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum than in feces, and alfalfa resulted in greater (P ≤ 0.05) VFA concentrations than brome in both sampling locations. Alpha diversity was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in fecal compared with cecal samples. Microbial community structure within each sampling location and hay type differed from one another (P ≤ 0.05). Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the cecum compared with the rectum, regardless of hay type. Firmicutes and Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in the feces compared with cecal samples of alfalfa-fed horses. In all, fermentation parameters and bacterial abundances were impacted by hay type and sampling location in the hindgut.     

鸭IFIT5基因(544G>A)多态性与部分免疫指标的关联分析

探索IFIT5基因作为抗性性状的候选标记的可能性,为家禽抗病育种提供一些参考依据。以樱桃谷北京鸭、苏牧麻鸭(樱桃谷鸭×金定鸭)、金定鸭、白羽番鸭为试验材料,利用DNA直接测序技术扫描IFIT5基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP),并分析其与部分免疫指标的关联性。结果表明:仅在IFIT5基因外显子2上检测到一个错义突变(G544A),产生2种等位基因,2种基因型(GG、GA),未发现有AA基因型。经χ2检验,4个鸭群体只有金定鸭和苏牧麻鸭处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。关联分析结果显示:樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量GG型显著高于GA型(P0.05),而Ig M含量GG型显著低于GA型(P0.05),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);苏牧麻鸭体内H5含量GG型极显著高于GA型(P0.01),其余免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05);金定鸭不同基因型各免疫指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。白羽番鸭在+544位点均为GG纯合基因型。由此可以看出,IFIT5(544GA)可作为樱桃谷鸭体内H5含量的候选分子标记。     

不同粒度猫尾草对羔羊体外发酵特性和微生物数量的影响

通过Rusitec-s体外发酵系统研究不同粒度猫尾草对羔羊体外发酵参数与微生物数量的影响,选取6种不同粒度(1.00、2.36、3.35、4.75、8.00和12.50 mm)的猫尾草作为试验饲粮的纤维来源,按照猫尾草的粒度将试验分为6个处理组,每个处理4个重复,利用Rusitec-s型人工瘤胃模拟装置进行48 h体外发酵,测定养分降解率、发酵参数及发酵液中6种微生物菌群的拷贝数。结果表明：与其他处理组相比,2.36 mm组显著提高了体外中性洗涤纤维降解率(IVNDFD)、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸摩尔比和溶纤维丁酸弧菌(B. f)数量(P<0.05),且显著降低总产甲烷菌(TMe)数量(P<0.05)。总菌(TB)与氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、乙酸摩尔比呈正相关(R²=0.84,P=0.038;R²=0.88,P=0.021);B. f数量与丙酸摩尔比呈正相关(R²=0.82,P=0.045),且与pH呈负相关(R²=-0.98,P=0.001);TMe数量与体外粗蛋白质降解率(IVCP...     

保护性耕作条件下松耕作业机具的探讨

松耕作业能打破犁底层、恢复土壤结构，形成适宜农作物生长的土体构造，是提高地表积温和作物产量的有效措施之一。为此，探讨了在秸秆覆盖条件下各种松耕作业机具的工艺特点及机具在保护性耕作播前作业中的适应性。     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。