多种藻类对As(Ⅲ)的耐受性及吸附研究(英文)

[目的]筛选到在自然条件下能有效去除水体中砷污染的微藻。[方法]以4种微型绿藻 (小球藻Chlorella sp.(zfsaia)、Chlorella minata、Chlorella vulgaris和羊角月牙藻Selenastrum capricormulum)为材料,选取6个不同浓度的As(III)(0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg/L)进行培养处理,以生物量、叶绿素a含量等生理指标研究这4种藻类对砷的耐受性及其吸附情况。[结果]小球藻Chlorella sp. zfsaia对砷的毒害有敏感性,当砷浓度超过10mg/L时,其生长受到抑制,EC50值分别为17.32 mg/L;当砷浓度在0～20 mg/L范围内,羊角月牙藻Selenastrum capricormulum、小球藻Chlorella minata和Chlorella vulgaris生长不受影响,对砷具有较高的耐受性,24 h后,它们对砷的去除率分别达77.02%、72.18%和81.36%。[结论]该研究表明藻类在治理含砷废水和作为砷污染废水的指示性植物等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

紫外辐射增强对茄子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以茄子品种"金山长茄"为材料,对茄子种子和幼苗进行人工紫外辐射(UV-B)增强处理,研究其对茄子种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。实验结果表明,茄子在UV-B增强处理后,其生长受到明显抑制,种子发芽率下降,幼苗成活率降低,子叶叶片皱缩、生长缓慢,失绿,真叶出现的时间延长;这些危害随处理时间加长而趋于严重。     

甘蔗新品种闽糖86-2121在漳州蔗区表现及高产栽培技术

2年新植2年宿根区域试验和多年生产示范表明,闽糖86-2121是个萌芽率一般,分蘖率强,高产稳产、含糖量高、蔗糖分一般,中晚熟、宿根性强、抗旱抗病力强的甘蔗新品种,栽培上要适当增加下种量,及早追肥,宿根蔗宜早松蔸管理。     

农田木麻黄防护林网更新技术研究

通过沿海沙地农田防护林网中的木麻黄更新试验,结果认为:福建沿海农田木麻黄防护林更新迹地的沙壤都比较贫瘠且普遍存在P元素的缺乏;补充元素技术可有效地促进更新林带的生长;木麻黄优良无性系的利用能提高更新林带的保存率和生长量;农田木麻黄防护林带更新配套技术的实施可取得良好的更新效果,防护效能也得到了很大的提高。     

叶色白化水稻突变体转绿中若干生理与叶绿体发育特型的研究

以水稻白化转绿型叶色突变体及其野生型亲本为材料,研究突变体转绿过程中叶片相关生理特性及其叶绿体发育超微结构变化.研究结果表明:突变体随着叶色转绿,叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量增加、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,突变体叶色在完全转绿后,SOD活性电泳中出现了清晰的Fe-SOD谱带;突变体在2叶1心期,叶肉细胞内都是囊状空泡,没有叶绿体,而野生型亲本叶肉细胞内已具有大量叶绿体存在;突变体6叶1心期,叶肉内可以观察到叶绿体的存在,但叶绿体形态不规则或畸形;野生型亲本叶绿体可以直接由前质体正常发育而来,而突变体的叶绿体发育经历了“前质体-白色体-叶绿体”的过程,其叶绿体发育明显滞后.     

赣北棉区杂交棉不同密度对比试验研究

 针对赣北棉区杂交棉栽植密度过稀的问题而开展油后移栽棉密度筛选试验。结果表明：赣北棉区油后移栽杂交棉的适宜密度为2.25万～2.48万株·hm^-2。     

Skeletal deformities associated with nutritional congenital rickets in newborn lambs

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A group of 545 pregnant rising 2-year-old Coopdale ewes on a Southland sheep farm were grazed over winter on a fodder beet (Beta vulgaris) crop. Subsequently, 45 out of approximately 750 lambs were born with a variety of skeletal deformities, including shortened limbs, varus and valgus angular limb deformities, palmar grade stance and cranial bowing of the carpus. Analysis of the crop showed the fodder beet contained a low percentage of phosphorus. In addition, 60 out of 460 rising 2-year-old ewes that had been grazed on the fodder beet crop as 1-year-olds had incisor abnormalities and malocclusion.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: Two affected lambs (1-day-old and 3-days-old) with representative clinical signs examined postmortem were found to have markedly enlarged costochondral junctions, and noticeably enlarged long bone metaphyses. In addition, one lamb had a dense band of metaphyseal sclerosis beneath the physes of all long bones examined. Histopathological findings included small islands and columns of chondrocytes and eosinophilic cartilage matrix present in the metaphysis. Metaphyseal trabeculae were disorganised and often lined by accumulations of pale pink osteoid; similar pale pink osteoid was also present in the cortices. Unerupted molar teeth in the affected lambs lacked a layer of enamel, and the dentine was irregular with globular basophilia.

DIAGNOSIS: The gross and histopathological lesions were consistent with a diagnosis of rickets.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Nutritional congenital rickets has not been previously diagnosed in sheep, but is a recognised disease of human infants with vitamin D deficient mothers. The rickets in affected lambs was most likely associated with phosphorus deficiency as a result of the pregnant ewes grazing fodder beet during gestation. While vitamin D deficiency was not definitively ruled out in these cases, practitioners are alerted to the possible effects of feeding phosphorus-deficient fodder beet to ewes for long periods during gestation and to 1-year-old sheep during important growth periods.     

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI in a Miniature Poodle-type dog caused by a deletion in the arylsulphatase B gene

Abstract

AIM: To investigate and characterise an inborn error of metabolism in a dog with skeletal and ocular abnormalities.

METHODS: A 2.5-year-old small male Miniature Poodle-like dog was presented with gross joint laxity and bilateral corneal opacities. Clinical examination was augmented by routine haematology, serum chemistry, radiographs, pathology, enzymology and molecular genetic studies. Euthanasia was requested when the dog was 3 years of age because of progressively decreasing quality of life.

RESULTS: Radiology revealed generalised epiphyseal dysplasia, malformed vertebral bodies, luxation/subluxation of appendicular and lumbosacral joints with hypoplasia of the odontoid process and hyoid apparatus. These clinical and radiographic findings, together with a positive urinary Berry spot test for mucopolysaccharides, and metachromatic granules in leucocytes, were indicative of a mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), a lysosomal storage disease. Histological lesions included vacuolation of stromal cells of the cornea, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, macrophages and renal cells. The brain was essentially normal except for moderate secondary Wallerian-type degeneration in motor and sensory tracts of the hind brain. Dermatan sulphate-uria was present and enzymology revealed negligible activity of N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulphatase, also known as arylsulphatase B, in cultured fibroblasts and liver tissue. A novel homozygous 22 base pair (bp) deletion in exon 1 of this enzyme's gene was identified (c.103_124del), which caused aframe-shift and subsequent premature stop codon. The “Wisdom pure breed-mixed breed” test reported the dog as a cross between a Miniature and Toy Poodle.

CONCLUSIONS: The clinicopathological features are similar to those of MPS type VI as previously described in dogs, cats and other species, and this clinical diagnosis was confirmed by enzymology and molecular genetic studies. This is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal storage disease.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The prevalence of MPS VI in Miniature or Toy Poodles in New Zealand and elsewhere is currently unknown. Due to the congenital nature of the disorder, malformed pups may be subject to euthanasia without investigation and the potential genetic problem in the breed may not be fully recognised. The establishment of a molecular genetic test now permits screening for this mutation as a basis to an informed breeding policy.     

Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand

Abstract

AIM: To describe the patterns of use of antimicrobial drugs by veterinary surgeons treating commonly presented bacterial infections in companion animals in New Zealand.

METHODS: A postal survey of 800 randomly selected companion animal veterinarians practicing in New Zealand was conducted between August and December 2008. Data were collected regarding the antimicrobials prescribed for recent cases of skin, ear and urinary tract infections; the use of culture and susceptibility testing; and veterinarian characteristics such as proportion of time spent treating companion animals and recent attendance at continuing professional development (CPD) events. Potential associations within the data were explored using extended mosaic plots and multivariable regression models.

RESULTS:Completed surveys from 393 respondents were available for analysis, providing data on systemic antimicrobial drug use for 1,799 cases of presumptive bacterial infections. The most frequently prescribed drugs were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (864 cases, 48%), cephalexin (558, 31%), and fluoroquinolones (198, 11%). Of 359 cases of canine superficial pyoderma, 157 (44%) were treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 155 (43%) were treated with cephalexin with median reported treatment durations of 7 and 10 days, for these two drugs respectively. Culture and susceptibility tests had been used in 376 of 1,984 (19%) of all reported cases and 160 (43%) of these were suspected urinary tract infections. Practitioners that spent 100% of their time treating companion animals and who had attended a CPD course related to companion animals within the 12 months prior to completing the survey were more likely to submit a sample for culture and susceptibility testing and to prescribe longer courses of antimicrobials for the treatment of canine pyoderma than practitioners who spent less than 100% of their time treating companion animals and had not attended a CPD course in the last 12 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Broad-spectrum drugs considered by the World Health Organisation to be critically important for human health, such as fluoroquinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, are amongst the most frequently prescribed antimicrobials in companion animal medicine, and these drugs are often prescribed without submitting a sample for culture and susceptibility testing.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Many cases of superficial pyoderma were treated for less than the recommended duration of 21 days, which may contribute to a higher rate of recurrent pyoderma and the development of drug resistance within the causal bacteria. Veterinarians should be aware that the use of fluoroquinolones, in particular, should be based upon the results of a culture and susceptibility test.