棉花膜下滴灌水肥一体化管理技术规程

棉花是新疆的支柱产业,近年来,新疆棉花均已实现滴灌种植,本文通过规定滴灌棉花水肥一体化术语与定义、播种要求、田间管理、水肥制度及收获等技术指标,旨在建立一套可学、可操作、可复制的新疆棉花膜下滴灌水肥一体化管理技术规程,并指导生产应用.     

Use of clomipramine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs: a preliminary, clinical study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of a treatment protocol for obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs. DESIGN: A study was undertaken to assess clinical responses in 24 dogs diagnosed with one or more of three behavioural disorders stated above to a treatment regimen that included clomipramine and behaviour modification. PROCEDURE: A detailed behavioural and clinical history was obtained for each dog. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was diagnosed in nine cases: primary presenting complaints were tail-chasing, shadow-chasing, circling and chewing; one case was diagnosed with concurrent separation anxiety. Separation anxiety was diagnosed in 14 cases: presenting complaints included destruction, vocalisation and escaping in the absence of the owner; four cases also exhibited noise phobia. The study also included one dog diagnosed with noise phobia only and another with inappropriate fear responses. Clomipramine was administered orally twice daily. The starting dose was 1 to 2 mg/kg bodyweight. The dose was increased incrementally to a maximum of 4 mg/kg if needed. A behaviour modification program was designed and the owner instructed on its implementation. Dogs continued medication for at least 1 month after clinical signs disappeared or were acceptably reduced, then withdrawal of medication was attempted by decreasing drug dosage at weekly intervals while behaviour modification continued. RESULTS: The presenting clinical sign was largely improved or disappeared in 16 dogs, 5 demonstrated slight to moderate improvement and the behaviour was unchanged in 3. Clomipramine withdrawal was attempted in nine cases: this was successful in five. CONCLUSION: Clomipramine was effective and well-tolerated in controlling signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or separation anxiety and/or noise phobia in 16 of 24 assessable cases, when used in combination with behaviour modification, and improvement in clinical signs was noted in 5 others.     

贵阳地区木兰科观赏植物主要病虫害调查报告

本文记述了贵阳地区观赏木兰科植物上发生的23种主要病虫害种类,包括病害5种,虫害15种。并对木兰科植物病虫害的发生特点及其治理对策进行了总结讨论。     

浅谈表面浸润木质纤维板生产技术

一种表面浸润木质纤维板生产技术采用纤维板干法和湿法两种生产工艺的优点进行重组设计,其生产工艺为木材削片→筛选→蒸煮→热磨→分离→干燥→铺装→浸润→预压→齐边→检验→成品。蒸煮采用蒸汽压力为0.55～0.68MPa,时间为3～5min;干燥采用气流温度为180～280℃,时间为10s;热压成型温度为190～230℃,压力3.5～6.8MPa,时间为30～50s/mm。采用表面浸润木质纤维板生产技术生产的防水、阻燃型和一般的硬质纤维板,其强度及材质均匀度都好,产品的质量达到GB12626.1～26.9—90《硬质纤维板》的标准,并且生产过程中能耗低,无废水排放。     

茂兰兰科植物增补

报道了贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区兰科植物分布新记录26种,分属20属;     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of three triterpene acids in rat plasma after oral administration of Poria extract and its formulated herbal preparation: GuiZhi-FuLing capsule

A sensitive liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique coupled with liquid-liquid extraction method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of dehydro-tumulosic acid, tumulosic acid and polyporic acid C in rat plasma. The analytes were separated on a Kromasil C₁₈ column with a total running time of 12.5 min. Author had compared the pharmacokinetics of dehydro-tumulosic acid, tumulosic acid and polyporic acid C after oral administration of the extract of Poria and its formulated herbal preparation (GuiZhi-FuLing capsule). The improved pharmacokinetic profiles of the three compounds were found in the GuiZhi-FuLing capsule, indicating the more effective absorption and the slower elimination, compared with the Poria extract. Furthermore, this study revealed that as far as the Poria extract was concerned, it is very valuable to be used as a clinical instruction of GF capsule.     

Effect of raw humus under two adult Scots pine stands on ectomycorrhization, nutritional status, nitrogen uptake, phosphorus uptake and growth of Pinus sylvestris seedlings

Ectomycorrhiza (EM) formation improves tree growth and nutrient acquisition, particularly that of nitrogen (N). Few studies have coupled the effects of naturally occurring EM morphotypes to the nutrition of host trees. To investigate this, pine seedlings were grown on raw humus substrates collected at two forest sites, R2 and R3. Ectomycorrhiza morphotypes were identified, and their respective N uptake rates from organic (2-(13)C, (15)N-glycine) and inorganic ((15)NH(4)Cl, Na(15)NO(3), (15)NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)(15)NO(3)) sources as well as their phosphate uptake rates were determined. Subsequently, the growth and nutritional status of the seedlings were analyzed. Two dominant EM morphotypes displayed significantly different mycorrhization rates in the two substrates. Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. (RL) was dominant in R2 and Suillus bovinus (Pers.) Kuntze (SB) was dominant in R3. (15)N uptake of RL EM was at all times higher than that of SB EM. Phosphate uptake rates by the EM morphotypes did not differ significantly. The number of RL EM correlated negatively and the number of SB EM correlated positively with pine growth rate. Increased arginine concentrations and critical P/N ratios in needles indicated nutrient imbalances of pine seedlings from humus R2, predominantly mycorrhizal with RL. We conclude that different N supply in raw humus under Scots pine stands can induce shifts in the EM frequency of pine seedlings, and this may lead to EM formation by fungal strains with different ability to support tree growth.     

Central inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract of Crinum giganteum

The aqueous extract of Crinum giganteum given intraperitoneally at doses of 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg in rats prolonged the duration of pentobarbital sleeping time and in mice reduced spontaneous motor activity, decreased the exploratory activity and attenuated amphetamine-induced stereotype behavior. The intraperitoneal and oral preliminary LD(50) in mice were found to be 627 and 1468 mg/kg, respectively. The data obtained suggest that the aqueous extract of C. giganteum contains some biologically active principles with sedative activity.     

Isolation of genes up-regulated by copper in a copper-tolerant birch (Betula pendula) clone

Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate genes differentially expressed following exposure to copper (Cu) in a naturally selected Cu-tolerant birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clone originating from a disused lead/zinc smelter. Of the 352 cDNA fragments initially isolated, 108 were up-regulated by Cu, of which 55 showed over twofold induction by macroarray analysis. Searches against protein databases (Blastx) and sequence analysis provided the tentative identity of 21 genes. Three fragments lacked homology to any sequences in the databases. Most of the identified genes are involved in cellular transport, regulation or cell rescue and defense. Several genes have not previously been reported to be up-regulated by Cu, e.g., plasma intrinsic protein 2, glutamine synthetase and multi-drug resistance-associated protein (MRP4). The expression of MRP4, a vacuolar sorting receptor-like protein and an unidentified gene was studied in more detail by quantitative real-time PCR. These genes showed stronger up-regulation by Cu in the roots and shoots of the Cu-tolerant birch clone compared with a less tolerant clone. Clear clonal differences in gene expression were observed, e.g., for the regulator of chromosome condensation family protein, DnaJ protein homolog, vacuolar sorting receptor-like protein and MRP4. These findings contribute to our understanding of Cu tolerance in birch, a pioneer plant in metal-contaminated soils.     

加拿大的森林认证

加拿大位于北美洲北半部，国土面积997．061万km^2，其中林地面积为4．176亿hm^2，约占国土面积的45％。加拿大的森林面积约为4．14亿hm^2，其中生产林为2．45亿hm^2，非生产林为1．69亿hm^2。森林资源以针叶林为主，约占森林总面积的67％。工业用原木的年允许采伐量为2．33亿m^3，实际采伐量为1．83亿m^3。