浅谈精细化管理在动物卫生检疫证照管理中的应用

检疫合格证明是动物产品溯源的重要途径,检疫证明的管理是否规范关系到动物卫生监督职能发挥的有效性。本文从检疫证照管理的具体实践中探讨引进精细化管理理念的优势,从而证明在精细化管理过程中,从"精细思维"的养成到"索证、验证、上缴核销"流程中的精细化操作,有效促进检疫证照管理的规范化、精细化,切实提高整个证照管理的科学性。     

波尔山羊与睢宁白山羊杂交羔羊生长性能研究

研究波尔山羊与睢宁白山羊F1 代、F2 代的生长发育情况 ,结果从出生到 3个月不同日龄羔羊的体重体尺均高于纯种睢宁白山羊 ,杂交优势显著 ,F1 代体重的杂种优势率为 18 96 % ,杂种后代生长性能比睢宁白山羊好     

High‐level exogenous trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid plays an anti‐lipogenesis role in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL.     

小肽营养素对奶牛泌乳性能的影响

试验选择泌乳期中国荷斯坦奶牛32头,随机分为4组,A组(对照组)为基础精料日粮组;B、C、D组分别为基础精料日粮 0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素。正试期28d。结果表明,添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日平均产奶量分别提高1.67kg(6.38%)(P<0.05)、1.75kg(6.69%)(P<0.05)和1.64kg(6.27%)(P<0.05)。添加小肽营养素后,乳蛋白和乳脂率均有所提高,其趋势随小肽营养素添加量的增加而提高。添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%小肽营养素后,奶牛头日净增效益3.52元、3.40元、2.86元。综合生产性能和经济效益,以添加0.1%-0.3%小肽营养素为适宜。     

农业结构调整与传统蚕丝业的振兴

“东桑西移”是我国蚕丝产业结构的大调整。城市工业化已经使东部蚕区急剧萎缩和衰老，而人为措施使西部蚕区出现徒长和缺钙症。只有通过结构调整，实现东部地区的蚕业产业化，依托精品基地，挖掘潜力，才能保持东部蚕区的可持续发展。西部蚕区要借鉴东部经验，积极引进新技术、新品种和新方法，高起点建设蚕桑基地，切忌盲目发展，积极开发蚕丝业高新技术，实现东西部蚕区的合理布局和强强联合，共同振兴我国传统的蚕丝产业。     

封闭群实验小鼠的生产管理要点

实验小鼠来源于野生小家鼠,大约在19世纪开始用于遗传学研究,经过长期人工饲养、选育,目前已培育成500多个独立的近交系和远交群,是当今世界上研究最详尽、用量最大、用途最广、品种最多的一种实验动物。由于小鼠体型小,易于控制,生长繁殖快,产仔多,易饲养管理,质量标准明确,品种、品系多,在生物医学研究的各个领域中得到了广泛的应用     

Experimental studies with foot-and-mouth disease virus type Asia-1, responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China

This study was carried out to investigate the biological characteristics of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus strain Asia-1 China/2005, which is responsible for the 2005 epidemic in China. The result showed that this strain is not host restricted, and could not only cause FMD in cattle and sheep but also in pigs by either inoculation or direct contact.     

Acaricidal activity of extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against the larvae of the rabbit mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in vitro

The acaricidal activity of the petroleum ether extract, the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi larvae was tested in vitro. A complementary log-log (CLL) model was used to analyze the data of the toxicity tests. The results showed that at all test time points, the petroleum ether extract demonstrated the highest activity against the larvae of S. scabiei var. cuniculi, while the activities of the chloroform extract and the acetic ether extract were similar. The activities of both the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract against the larvae showed the relation of time and concentration dependent. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the petroleum ether extract (1.3muL/mL) was about three times that of the chloroform extract (4.1muL/mL) at 24h post-treatment. At the concentrations of 500.0muL/mL, the median lethal time (LT(50)) of the petroleum ether extract and the chloroform extract was 8.4 and 9.6h, respectively.     

桑树杂交组合抗青枯病能力鉴定及与抗病相关酶活性的研究

利用抗青枯病能力较强的桑树资源人工组配了24个杂交组合,并鉴定其抗病能力;对具有不同抗性水平的杂交组合的叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化物酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性进行比较分析。抗病能力鉴定结果表明,24个桑树杂交组合对青枯病的抗性存在明显差异,其中04-19×抗10和69×98-8为2个强抗组合。酶活性测定结果表明,桑树叶片中的POD活性与桑树杂交组合抗青枯病能力有密切关系,强抗性杂交组合的POD活性明显高于感病杂交组合。可将桑树叶片中的POD酶活性作为生化遗传标记之一,并结合常规抗病鉴定方法应用于桑树抗青枯病品种的杂交亲本选择。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞孤雌激活研究进展

孤雌激活是指处于第2次减数分裂中期卵母细胞不经过雄性配子的作用,而在某些理化因素的刺激下恢复并完成减数分裂,进行有丝分裂发育到胚胎的过程.卵母细胞的激活是以Ca2+为第二信使,成熟促进因子(MPF)、细胞分裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、细胞静止因子(CSF)等细胞因子综合作用的结果.卵母细胞激活是核移植的关键技术,也是研究哺乳动物受精机制及发育机理的有效方法.现介绍卵母细胞孤雌激活的机制以及卵母细胞孤雌生殖激活方法.