锰的添加方式对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组。Ⅰ组为对照组,添加硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）120mg／kg;Ⅱ组添加蛋氨酸螫合锰60mg／kg;Ⅲ组分别添加蛋氨酸螯合锰（Met-Mn）30mg／kg和硫酸锰（MnSO4·H2O）60mg／kg。研究不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明．3种不同方式添加锰对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响（P〉0．05）．但Ⅲ组的饲料成本有所降低。因此,在肉仔鸡日粮中以第3种方式添加效果最佳。     

Socio-economic factors influencing control of vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist system of south western Uganda

Research in control of tick-borne diseases and trypanosomosis, and their vectors, namely, ticks and tsetse flies respectively, has been on going for decades. However, very little attention has been paid to the socio-economic factors that are likely to influence the outcome of the interventions in the control of these diseases. Thus, this study was designed to investigate these factors, mainly the intra-household factors influencing decision-making in the control of Vector-borne diseases in the pastoralist areas of Uganda. These factors included: indigenous technical knowledge, household economic factors, and gender. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in the collection and analysis of data. The tools used for data collection included among others, participatory learning and action (PLA), and Case studies. The findings included the following: In pastoralist households, a big proportion of the household budget was allocated to vector-borne diseases control. In the male-headed households, men dominated decision-making on vector-borne diseases control, although the goals and priorities of men and women in these households were not the same. Also, vector-borne disease control was predominantly by use of modern veterinary drugs, and pastoralists treated sick cattle by themselves even in situations where there were veterinary personnel.     

Chemical composition and microstructure of uroliths and urinary sediment crystals associated with the feeding of high-level cottonseed meal diet to water buffalo calves

The chemical composition and microstructure of seven uroliths and four urinary sediment samples associated with the feeding of high-level cottonseed meal diet to buffalo calves were examined by chemical qualitative analyses, scanning electron microscopy ( ), X-ray diffraction, and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry ( ). Struvite was a major component of kidney stones and of some bladder stones. The kidney stone sample appeared cracked under low power under , aggregated into tiny balls under high power, and as a bladelike structure under even higher power. The bladder stone samples appeared finely granular or granular with various forms of prismatic crystals. The urinary sediments were prismatic crystals, with granules. The newly found prismatic crystals, which were rich in potassium and similar to struvite in crystal structure, were identified as potassium magnesium phosphate (KMgPO₄ · 6H₂O) in some bladder stones and urinary sediments. However, crystals which contained Mg and P only, which had been used for struvite identification, were not found by examination in urinary sediments from fresh urine samples of buffalo calves fed the high-level cottonseed meal diet.     

免疫抑制对苏拉灭和贝尼尔治疗小鼠伊氏锥虫病疗效的影响

用从自然感染宿主分离的伊氏锥虫原种ＪＧ的克隆ＪＧｍｃ１和ＪＧｍｃ５感染免疫活性正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠，２４ｈ后，以苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗，两种药物对免疫抑制小鼠的ＣＤ１００均明显高于免疫活性正常小鼠，由经受一次苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗未愈的免疫抑制小鼠分离的锥虫，感染免疫活性正常小鼠，再用原来对该克隆感染的免疫活性正常小鼠ＣＤ１００的苏拉灭或贝尼尔治疗即无效。用免疫溶解试验分别测定一组免疫抑制和免疫活性正确     

蝗虫痘病毒对黄胫小车蝗生长发育和产卵力的影响

试验观察结果表明,蝗虫痘病毒除对黄胫小车蝗有显著致死作用外,使感病寄主在接种13～33d后,食量比对照减少28.73%～70.40 %导致生长发育缓慢,接种后13～18d,对照组生长率为36.3mg/d,而处理组则分别为14.9、14.5和9.6mg/d,仅为对照的1/4～1/2。寄主羽化极不整齐,对照组整个历期只有5d,而处理组则为16～46d,随着接种剂量的加大,这种“拖延”趋势越发明显。寄主产卵量明显降低,甚至根本不能产卵。处理组寄主“畸形”和“自相残杀”的情况也较对照组严重。     

仔猪白痢的防治

仔猪白痢又称迟发性大肠杆菌病,俗称仔猪奶泻,是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的仔猪常见肠道传染病,主要危害10-30日龄的仔猪。以下痢,排出白色或灰白色带腥臭味的糊状稀粪为特征。一年四季均可发生,以冬季和炎热夏季气候骤变时多发,轻者生长缓慢,重者脱水死亡,给养猪业带来一定的经济损失。     

论生物多样性与建设海南国际旅游岛的关系

经过多年的研究和实践,人们已深刻地认识到,海南省的发展战略应该积极发展服务型、开放型和生态型经济,形成以旅游业为龙头、以现代服务业为主导的特色经济结构。显然要实现这个宏伟的目标,生物多样性的保护和持续利用就是最根本和最关键的问题。如果作为生态旅游基本资源的季节性雨林、红树林、海洋生物资源和农业生物多样性被毁,一切都将是一纸空文。本文就拟简略地探讨一下有关这些方面的问题,并提出一些建议供有关方面参考。     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens

Wang, R., Yuan, L.G., He, L.M., Zhu, L.X., Luo, X.Y., Zhang, C.Y., Yu, J.J., Fang, B.H., Liu, Y.H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 34 , 247–251. The objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of valnemulin in broiler chickens after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administrations of 10 mg/kg body weight (bw). Plasma samples were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic characterization was performed by non‐compartmental analysis using WinNonlin program. After intravenous administration, distribution was wide with the volume of distribution based on terminal phase(V_z) of 4.27 ± 0.99 L /kg. Mean valnemulin t_1/2β(h), Cl_β(L /h /kg), V_ss (L /kg) and AUC_(0–∞)(μg·h /mL) values were 2.85, 0.99, 2.72 and 10.34, respectively. After intramuscular administration, valnemulin was rapidly absorbed with a C_max of 2.2 μg/mL achieved at 0.43 h (t_max), and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 88.81%; and for the oral route the same parameters were 0.66 ± 0.15 μg/mL, 1.54 ± 0.27 h and 74.42%. A multiple‐peak phenomenon was present after oral administration. The plasma profile of valnemulin exhibited a secondary peak during 2–6 h and a tertiary peak at 32 h. The favorable PK behavior, such as the wide distribution, slow elimination and acceptable bioavailability indicated that it is likely to be effective in chickens.