土壤中南方根结线虫的实时荧光PCR检测和定量

为了准确测定土壤中南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita的群体密度,根据序列特异性扩增区标记设计了南方根结线虫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,分别建立了卵和2龄幼虫的实时荧光PCR定量检测体系,并将该检测体系与显微镜计数法进行了比较.结果表明,引物Mi-F/R及探针Mi-probe对南方根结线虫具有高度特异性,建立的标准曲线循环阈值与卵和2龄幼虫数量的对数值之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9771和0.9853,扩增效率均为90％,检测灵敏度为10-1个卵及10-3条2龄幼虫;对10个田间土壤样本的检测显示,实时荧光PCR定量检测与显微镜计数法测定的南方根结线虫卵和2龄幼虫数量呈显著正相关,且两种方法对2龄幼虫的测定结果无显著差异.     

IBV AH1-99分离株N基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术成功扩增出IBV AH1-99分离株的N基因全长cNDA,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。经酶切分析、PCR鉴定及核苷酸序列测定,成功获得该分离株N基因的重组质粒。序列分析结果表明,分离株N基因全长1 230个核苷酸,编码409个氨基酸。同部分IBV参考毒株相比,核苷酸同源性为85.8%~89.9%,氨基酸同源性为86.6%~91.0%,在进化关系树中,AH1-99与国内分离株X、LX4亲缘关系较近。     

紫花苜蓿根系主要功能性状对分根区交替灌溉的响应

分根区交替灌溉是一种具有节水潜力的灌溉方式,为了揭示紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)根系对分根区交替灌溉的响应,在甘肃武威绿洲农业高效用水国家野外科学观测研究站设置3种占田间持水量(Field capacity, FC)不同比例的灌水梯度(T1:80%～100%FC,T2:60%～80%FC,T3:40%～60%FC)去开展分根区交替灌溉与不分根区灌溉的对比试验。结果表明：分根区交替灌溉在80%～100%FC灌水量时,根颈直径小于不分根区灌溉,60%～80%FC和40%～60%FC灌水量时,根颈直径大于不分根区灌溉。分根区交替灌溉的根系分支多于不分根区灌溉,但根平均直径小于不分根区灌溉。两种灌溉方式下紫花苜蓿地上部和地下部的生物量均随着灌水量梯度的下降而下降。同一灌水梯度下,不分根区灌溉的地下和地上生物量均高于分根区交替灌溉。上述结果说明紫花苜蓿采用分根区交替灌溉方式对根系生长发育具有重要影响。     

春小麦种子物理指标与种子活力关系的初步分析

以2013—2015年116份春小麦种子样品为材料,应用Seed Identification软件并结合仪器和手工测定获得17个物理指标值(千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、厚度、比重、硬度、灰度值、RGB颜色模型中红色R、绿色G和蓝色B、Lab颜色模型中的亮度L、色彩通道a和色彩通道b、HSB颜色模型中的色相H、饱和度S和亮度B。利用主成分分析法和聚类分析法,在标准环境及3种逆境(盐胁迫、干旱胁迫和人工加速老化胁迫)下,探讨了春小麦种子物理指标与种子活力的关系。研究发现各培养环境下,种子活力与种子的千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a有明显相关性。千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a值较小的小粒种子比大粒种子表现出更高的活力。本研究结果表明:小粒种子较大粒种子有更强的耐逆境能力;千粒重、宽度、长度、投影面积、S和a可作为逆境萌发条件下高活力种子样品筛选的候选指标。     

基于大涡模拟的水轮机内瞬态湍流场特性分析

基于三维瞬态N-S方程,采用大涡模拟方法中的Smargorinsky模型,应用模拟动静干扰效果较好的滑移网格技术,以标准k-ε模型稳态计算的结果作为初始条件,对某混流式水轮机全流道进行了的三维瞬态湍流数值模拟.用Fluent 6.3,采用非结构化的混合网格和压力速度耦合的PISO算法,成功地模拟了水轮机在运行中的各种瞬态细节过程,如涡旋的卷起、增长、合并、破碎和脱落.模拟结果给出了偏工况下水轮机导水机构和转轮流道内大尺度涡结构的瞬态发展演变过程.计算结果表明大涡模拟方法能较好地模拟水轮机内水流的瞬态流动特性和瞬时涡的发展演化过程,该方法可为探索研究水力机械复杂流道湍流运动状态下涡旋的形成机理提供有价值的参考.     

北京市马属动物赛事监管制度的建立

通过对近年来重大马术活动的监管,结合《北京市动物防疫条例》的实施,北京市逐步形成马属动物展览演出比赛的“赛事报告、报检报验、档案记录、防疫条件审查、隔离观察、赛中监管、应急预备和宣传告知”八大监管制度,确保了北京市马属动物无疫安全。     

人工神经网络在土壤含盐量预测中的应用

土壤含盐量的预测对合理配置水资源.防治土壤次生盐碱化等具有重要的指导意叉.在阐述BP人工神经网络原理的基础上,针对影响土壤含盐量的主要因素,建立了多因子土壤含盐量的3层BP网络模型,以土壤含水率、地下水矿化度、地下水pH值、地下水埋深、相对湿度、降雨量、蒸发量作为模型输入参数,土壤含盐量作为模型输出,对土壤含盐量进行了预测.结果表明,BP神经网络模型预测土壤含盐量的最大误差为8.78%,平均误差为5.99%,模型具有较高的预测精度.     

基于PCA—SVM的棉花出苗期杂草类型识别

为了实现棉田中不同类型杂草的机器视觉识别,提出基于主成分分析和支持向量机的棉花出苗期杂草识别方法。该方法通过提取棉田图像中棉花和杂草的颜色、形状、纹理等特征,并利用主成分分析(PCA)降低特征变量空间维数,结合支持向量机,实现对棉田杂草类型分类。通过120个棉花杂草测试样本分类试验结果发现,经PCA降维得到的前3个主成分分量能有效减少支持向量机的训练时间和提高分类正确率;通过对比发现前3个主成分分量与径向基核函数支持向量机相结合效果最好,其训练时间为91 ms,平均分类正确率达98.33%。     

Does returning sites of historic peri‐urban waste disposal to vegetable production pose a risk to human health? – A case study near Manchester,UK

Urban waste disposal occurred on fenland to the west of Manchester, England, between 1900 and 1964. The reclaimed fenland, Chat Moss, is now used for mixed arable farming. A total of 1.92 Mt of waste including privy midden, street sweepings, clinkers and slaughterhouse refuse was incorporated into the moss resulting in a modified topsoil with raised pH and reduced organic matter content compared with the subsoil. Elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are observed in the topsoil beyond the typical depth of atmospheric contamination; Cd and As concentrations exceed soil guideline values (SGVs) at 1.8 and 43 mg/kg, respectively. Sequential extraction indicates that waste‐derived Pb, Zn and Ni remain predominantly in the residual fraction, whereas Cu was mainly organically bound. Arsenic was predominately found in oxide and organic matter fractions with Cd in carbonate, oxide, organic matter and residual fractions. Pot trials indicated limited uptake of PTEs by vegetables grown on the waste‐amended soil, with the exception of Cd uptake by lettuce (0.22 mg/kg FW) and Pb uptake by radish (0.16 mg/kg FW), which exceeded current EU limits of 0.2 and 0.1 mg/kg FW, respectively. Hazard quotients (HQs) identified no risks to adults from consumption of vegetables grown in these soils with the exception of lettuce consumption with a HQ of 1.4. Risks to children were slightly greater with HQs >1 for Cd in lettuce, spinach, carrots and onion, As in lettuce, parsley and onion and for Zn in spinach.     

Injection molding of vertebral fixed cage implant

A vertebral cage is a hollow medical device which is used in spine surgery. By implanting the cage into the spine column, it is possible to restore disc and relieve pressure on the nerve roots. Most cages have been made of titanium alloys but they detract the biocompatibility. Currently PEEK (polyether ether ketone) is applied to various implants because it has good properties like heat resistance, chemical resistance, strength, and especially biocompatibility. A new shape of vertebral cage is designed and injection molding of PEEK is considered for production. Before injection molding of the cage, it is needed to evaluate process conditions and properties of the final product. Variables affecting the shrinkage of the cage are considered, e.g., injection time, packing pressure, mold temperature, and melt temperature. By using the numerical simulation program, MOLDFLOW, several cases are studied. Data files obtained by MOLDFLOW analysis are used for stress analysis with ABAQUS, and shrinkage and residual stress fields are predicted. With these results, optimum process conditions are determined.