淮北平原1966～2007年蒸发量变化趋势及其影响因素分析

选择安徽淮北平原五道沟实验站1966～2007年的逐年器皿蒸发、不同深度的潜水蒸发资料以及对应的气温、相对湿度、水汽饱和差、风速、日照时数等气象数据计算淮北平原40年来蒸发过程的变化趋势及其与气象因子的关系,分析其相互作用关系。结果表明,近40年来淮北平原温度呈上升趋势,年均温度的增幅逐渐减小有利于蒸发能力增加,而太阳辐射、风速等减少和相对湿度增加蒸发阻力,且后者作用大于前者。在此基础上建立以气象变化因子的蒸发能力预测模型,能很好地反映气候变化过程对水面蒸发、潜水蒸发的影响,有利于评估未来水量平衡关系分析和预测。     

Chemical Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Study Yield Desotamide a Analogues with Improved Antibacterial Activity

Desotamides A, a cyclohexapeptide produced by the deep-sea-derived Streptomyces scopuliridis SCSIO ZJ46, displays notable antibacterial activities against strains of Streptococcus pnuemoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). In this study, to further explore its antibacterial potential and reveal the antibacterial structure-activity relationship of desotamides, 13 cyclopeptides including 10 new synthetic desotamide A analogues and wollamides B/B1/B2 were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against a panel of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens. The bioactivity data reveal that residues at position II and VI greatly impact antibacterial activity. The most potent antibacterial analogues are desotamide A4 (13) and A6 (15) where l-allo-Ile at position II was substituted with l-Ile and Gly at position VI was simultaneously replaced by d-Lys or d-Arg; desotamides A4 (13) and A6 (15) showed a 2–4-fold increase of antibacterial activities against a series of Gram-positive pathogens including the prevalent clinical drug-resistant pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with MIC values of 8–32 μg/mL compared to the original desotamide A. The enhanced antibacterial activity, broad antibacterial spectrum of desotamides A4 and A6 highlighted their potential as new antibiotic leads for further development.     

Review of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eilema</Emphasis> group of lichen moths from South Korea,with description of one new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)

This review details the Korean species of the Eilema group in the subfamily Arctiinae of Erebidae: 19 species in five genera (Manulea, Collita, Katha, Dolgoma, and Wittia), a new species (Collita hwacheonensis Bayarsaikhan & Bae, sp. nov.), and an unrecorded species [C. vetusta aegrota (Butler 1877)]. All species are diagnosed, and figures of the adults and genitalia and a key to species based on male genital structure of Eilema group in South Korea are included.     

苏州古典园林植物文化涵义实例分析

植物在园林中除了具有观赏功能和构景功能外,还起到更重要的作用,即文化功能。文章从文化角度叙述植物蕴涵的传统文化含义,揭示植物在景点中的文化角色作用,帮助我们读懂园林,也提供园林建筑的借鉴。     

Regulation of growth, fatty acid composition and delta 6 desaturase expression by dietary lipids in gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata)

The Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases and elongases show only very limited activity in marine fish, and little is known of the possibility of enhancing Δ6 desaturase gene expression in these fish. The use of plant oils in marine fish diets is limited by their lack of n−3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) despite an abundant content of the 18C fatty acid precursor linoleic and α-linolenic acids. The objective of the present study was to determine the ability of larval gilthead seabream to utilize vegetable oils and assess the nutritional regulation of Δ6 desaturase gene expression. Seventeen-day-old gilthead seabream larvae were fed during a 17-day period with one of four different microdiets formulated with either sardine fish oil (FO), soybean, rapeseed or linseed oils, respectively, or a fifth diet containing defatted squid meal and linseed oil. Good larval survival and growth, both in terms of total length and body weight, were obtained by feeding the larvae either rapeseed, soybean or linseed oils. The presence of vegetable oils in the diet increased the levels of 20:2n−9 and 20:2n−6, 18:2n−9, 18:3n−6, 20:3n−6 and 20:4n−6, in larvae fed rapeseed and soybean oils in comparison to those fed FO. In addition, a sixfold increase in the relative expression of Δ6 desaturase-like gene was found in larvae fed rapeseed and soybean oils, denoting the nutritional regulation of desaturase activity through its gene expression in this fish species. However, feeding linseed oil did not increase the expression of the Δ6 desaturase gene to such a high extent.     

Microbial community in a multi-trophic aquaculture system of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Styela clava</Emphasis> and microalgae

An integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system consisting of the ascidian Styela clava and the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with microalgae was grown in a seawater mesocosm. Microbial populations in the water, sediment and shelters were monitored over time. The composition of the water microbial community in the IMTA system did not differ significantly from that of the traditional culture system without ascidians. Bacterial populations in the water, sediment and shelters were low in the traditional A. japonicus aquaculture system, and lower in the IMTA system. The number of Vibrios in the water, sediment and shelters in the IMTA system was significantly lower than in the traditional culture (p < 0.05), while the quantity of Bacillus was higher in the sediment and shelters. All of these results indicate that the IMTA system effectively inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, an important positive function in the health of the culture. The bacterial diversity index in the water in the IMTA system was between those of the baited and non-baited traditional aquacultures and was slightly reduced in the shelters. Over time, the bacterial diversity index in the sediment gradually dropped, especially in summer and autumn, when it was significantly lower than in the traditional culture. In winter, the diversity index increased to some extent, approaching that of the traditional culture.     

金铁锁种子繁殖技术研究

对金铁锁种子繁殖技术进行研究,为其人工引种驯化、规范化种植提供依据。研究结果表明：金铁锁种子千粒重为2．26g,种子无后熟休眠特性,在室温条件下贮藏,寿命至少在2年以上,其种子萌发的最适温度为20～25℃,最适出苗湿度为50％～60％,种子最适覆土厚度为0．5～1．0cm。金铁锁种子发芽率高,种子繁殖是金铁锁大面积人工种植的最佳繁殖方式。     

伊犁地区马肉嫩度的测定与分析

[目的]对伊犁地区不同年龄、不同性别及不同部位的马肉嫩度进行测定,比较不同年龄段、不同性别及不同部位马肉嫩度的差异性,为马肉食用品质指标提供数据参考.[方法]选择3岁、4·7岁和8岁及以上三个年龄阶段的马匹为对象,屠宰后取前腿、背部和后腿的肌肉为试验材料.用C-LM3型数显式肌肉嫩度仪对马肉的剪切力进行测定.[结果]在不同年龄段中,3岁马肉的剪切力值最小,为4.49 kg.f.4·7岁与8岁及以上马肉剪切力值差异不显著(P＞0.05),与3岁马肉嫩度差异显著(P＜0.05).雌性马肉剪切力值较雄性马肉剪切力值小,肉质较嫩.不同部位间,背部肌肉剪切力值最小为5.68 kg.f,前腿部和后腿部剪切力值分别为6.10和6.13 kg.f,但三个部位差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]年龄越小其肌肉剪切力值越小,肉质越嫩,但同时也会受其他因素影响;母畜肉较公畜肉质更细腻,嫩度稍高;前腿部和后腿部肌肉因运动量大,其肌肉有致密的结缔组织支持,故其嫩度较背部肌肉低.     

凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取区的生境特征

采用无线电跟踪观察和固定样地调查的方法,研究了凉水国家级自然保护区松鼠冬季重取生境特征。结果表明:松鼠的重取区集中在巢树附近40~60 m内的林隙中,重取区的乔木以针叶树为主,地面被覆苔藓及阔叶树落叶。重取区的冠层郁闭度和灌木密度均低于对照样地。重取生境的特征表明,空间记忆和视觉刺激是松鼠重取的可能机制。     

上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩重金属污染及评价研究

以上海市老港垃圾填埋场潮滩为例,研究了沉积物中重金属的分布特征,并采用化学法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了潮滩重金属的污染状况及其潜在生态危害,以期为保护潮滩环境以及利用潮滩进行垃圾渗滤液的净化提供科学依据。结果表明,受垃圾渗滤液排放和生物活动影响,老港潮滩表层沉积物中重金属(除Cu外)的含量在向海向上均表现为:高潮滩>低潮滩>中潮滩;Cr和Zn的含量在氧化池排污口处明显高于其它排污口,而Pb的含量在自然排污口处最高;老港潮滩沉积物受到一定程度的重金属污染,以Zn的污染最为严重,由这4种元素造成的潜在生态危害是中等的,其中,Cu和Pb的毒性贡献最大。