禅茶馆的定位与室内设计初探

以禅茶馆——茶馆领域新业态为研究对象,在探讨了茶文化与禅文化相互交融形成"茶禅一味"理念的基础上,对禅茶馆进行了定义,围绕着茶馆"禅意"的呈现,提出了"六根共识"——即"眼、鼻、耳、舌、身、意"的全方位感受的室内设计方案,以期为禅茶馆的设计提供有益参考,传承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化。     

Degradation and kinetic modeling of polyvinyl alcohol in aqueous solutions by a H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Mn(II) system

This paper is about the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in aqueous solutions using a H2O2/Mn(II) system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were applied to analyze the degradation products of PVA, and the results revealed that the backbone chain of PVA could be effectively broken and oxidized. Several unsaturated degradation products, including carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, olefins, and alkynes were also detected and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which indicated that higher treatment temperatures would considerably promote the generation of lower molecular weight degradation products. According to the work presented in this paper, the degradation efficiency of PVA increased from 55 % at 60 oC to 99 % at 90 oC after treatment when the initial PVA concentration was 5 %, at pH=3 with a H2O2 and Mn(II) dose of 100 ml/l and 0.6 mol/l, respectively. In addition, kinetic modeling indicated that the experimental results were best fitted by the Page-modified model with an activation energy of 48.78 kJ/mol.     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病发生特点及防治技术

猕猴桃溃疡病是由一种细菌性病菌—丁香假单胞猕猴桃致病变种(P.syringae pv.actinidiae,Psa)引起的。该病害毁灭性极强,具有感染范围广、传播速度快、致病能力强,防治难度大等特点,目前已对全世界猕猴桃产业造成了重大经济损失。笔者基于近年来国内外的研究报道,从猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的发生状况、症状表现、发生规律、鉴定检测、防治方法等方面进行综述,旨在为猕猴桃溃疡病的预防和治疗提供参考。     

Successive grafting confers juvenility traits to adult Spanish red cedar (Cedrela odorata Linnaeus): a tool for the rescue of selected materials

New Forests - Spanish red cedar, Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae), is a valuable timber tree in tropical American forests. Existing demand for elite individuals endangers the conservation of...     

Effect of carbon rate and type amended with ammonium or nitrate on nitrous oxide emissions in a strong ammonia oxidation soil

Journal of Soils and Sediments - The work aimed to (1) better understand how C rate and type affecting N2O emissions when combined application with different N forms in a strong ammonia oxidation...     

江苏设施菜地控释氮肥一次性基施增效减排效果研究

江苏设施蔬菜集约化程度高,劳动力需求大,氮肥用量大,面源污染问题突出。控释氮肥在该地区集约化蔬菜上应用后的减量、增效和减排潜力尚缺乏研究。本研究通过连续三季田间试验,设置4个施肥处理:常规施尿素氮100%N(N1)、常规施尿素氮70%N(N2)、基肥一次性施氮70%N(N3,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3)、基肥和一次追肥70%N(N4,基肥氮为控释氮,追肥氮全部为尿素氮,控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3),研究其对集约化花椰菜和番茄产量、环境效应和经济效益的影响。结果表明:与N1、N2和N4相比,N3处理的产量和利润每季均为最高,花椰菜和番茄平均产量分别达到86.4 t·hm~(-2)和87.0 t·hm~(-2),利润分别达到12.0万元·hm~(-2)和12.2万元·hm~(-2),氨挥发量最低,仅为4.4 kg N·hm~(-2)和9.3 kg N·hm~(-2),三季蔬菜种植后土壤中硝态氮的残留量最低。与N1处理相比,N3处理可使花椰菜和番茄分别平均增产3.7%和21.3%,分别增收10.7%和40.3%,并分别平均减少64.0%和46.9%氨挥发。基于此,在江苏设施蔬菜种植上,与常规(N1)相比,控释氮肥与尿素7∶3混合一次性基施,可减氮30%且增效减排效果显著,值得在生产上推广应用。     

棉田与相邻荒漠过渡带蜘蛛群落结构及动态分析

对新疆莎车县棉田及相邻荒漠过渡带蜘蛛种类,群落结构及动态进行了初步的研究和分析.棉田及相邻荒漠过渡带的蜘蛛有13科、36属、39种.蜘蛛在两个不同生境群落特征及多样性有明显的差异性.逍遥蛛科和蟹蛛科为两个生境中共同的优势科.荒漠过渡带蜘蛛群落的物种数、个体数量、多样性、均匀度、稳定性都高于棉田蜘蛛群落的对应特征.荒漠过渡带蜘蛛群落结构的变动对棉田内蜘蛛群落的变化有明显的影响,可以初步肯定荒漠过渡带的种库作用.     

氮素对玉米生长及生理特性的影响

综述了氮素对玉米生长及生理特性的影响,阐明了氮素在玉米产量形成中的重要性,为玉米高产研究提供理论参考。     

信息不完全时的海底管道安全评价方法

针对风险因素属性权重不确定、专家权重不确定、评价信息不完全构成的混合型海底管道不完全信息安全评价问题,提出一种基于灰色关联分析、层次分析、直觉模糊集和证据理论的安全评价方法(GAFD-S)。应用灰色系统理论确定风险因素的权重,应用层次分析法计算专家主观权重,根据直觉模糊集和信息熵原理确定专家客观权重,利用证据理论集结含有信息缺失的评价值对管道的破坏程度进行排序,确定最需维护的管段。利用该方法对某海底管道4个管段进行安全评价,通过对腐蚀破坏、第三方破坏、自然灾害、人员误操作和设计失误5个指标进行考核,确定了不同管段的受破坏程度,实例证明了GAFD-S方法对于信息不完全海底管道安全评价的实用性。