乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种IMAU60064增殖培养基的优化

以分离自西藏那曲县罗玛镇传统发酵酸牦牛奶中的乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种（Lactococcus lactis subsp．Cremoris）IMAU60064为试验菌株,研究其最佳的培养条件。对碳源、氮源、缓冲盐等培养基成分及培养条件进行优化,并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化,得到IMAU60064的增殖培养基为：葡萄糖23g／L、大豆蛋白胨11g／L、牛肉膏11g／L、胰蛋白胨5g／L、NaAC1．8g／L、K2HP041．2g／L、柠檬酸钠1．2g／L、MgSO4·7H200．4g／L、MnSO4·5H2O54mg／L、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐0．5g/L、吐温80为1g／L。Lactococcus lactis subsp．cremorisIMAU60064在此增殖培养基中经30℃,14h培养活菌数可达到3．26×10^8cFu／mL,比在MRS中（6．54×10^7CFU／mL）提高近5倍。     

Eimeria tenella搭载科学卫星对虫体生物学特性影响的初探

为探讨微重力与太空辐射等因素对鸡球虫生物学特性的影响，我们首次将一株已孢化的柔嫩艾美耳球虫搭载于返回式科学试验卫星。卫星运行７天后返回地面。     

豆科牧草种子丸衣化接种根瘤菌技术及其效益

本文通过近几年对豆科牧草种子丸衣化接种根瘤菌的试验研究,总结出在云南种植豆科牧草所采用的红三叶、白三叶等品种进行接种根瘤菌时对丸衣材料、粘着剂的选择和具体接种制作丸衣的技术;采用此技术在牧草种植中所获得的经济、社会、生态效益;是种植豆科牧草必不可少的一项农业技术措施。     

Expression kinetics of chicken β2-microglobulin and Class I MHC in vitro and in vivo during Marek’s disease viral infections

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly cell-associated herpesvirus that causes a disease in chickens characterized by tumor formation and immunosuppression. The changes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in different MDV-infected cells are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the Class I MHC and β2-microglobulin (β2m) genes in response to MDV infection at different time points by real-time PCR. In both in vitro and in vivo, the expression levels of Class I MHC and β2m genes were upregulated during early MDV infections in comparison to control cells; We also found that the expression of Class I MHC gene was downregulated in BudR (5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine)-treated MSB1 cells at 48 h and MDV-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) at 120 and 168 h post infection (hpi); Furthermore, compared to control groups, Class I MHC and β2m expression levels were downregulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from MDV-infected chickens at 14 and 28 days post infection (dpi); Interestingly, both Class I MHC and β2m gene expression levels increased again in PBLC from MDV RB1B-infected chickens at 35 dpi, in which MDV was in the latent or transformed infection stages. In addition, Class I MHC expression was clearly decreased in MDV-infected CEF at 120 hpi although β2m expression was significantly increased. These changes in Class I MHC and β2m gene expression might provide more insights into host-virus interaction.     

苜蓿雄性不育系杂交制种利用的研究

通过近20年的研究,已选育出遗传性稳定的苜蓿雄性不育系Ms-4,该不育系属于完全不育的类型,适合于制种利用;已寻找确定出强优势的杂交组合--Ms-4×新疆大叶苜蓿,该组合小面积试验比对照增产58.4%,可供杂交制种之用;已开始小面积的杂交制种试验,并已获得杂交种种子,现在正在进行品比、区试和生产试验,预计到2000年我国自己制种出来的第一个杂交苜蓿即可投入生产上推广,该项成果可望成为21世纪我国苜蓿大幅度增产的先进措施之一.     

免疫卵黄抗体预防家蚕血液型脓病的探讨

给母鸡注射纯化的家蚕NPV抗原，获得免疫卵黄抗体，测定效价为1：160。用免疫卵黄抗体进行添食试验，结果表明其对家蚕血液型脓病有一定的预防效果，并且对养蚕生产安全无毒。     

Frequent use of colistin-based drug treatment to eliminate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> in backyard chicken farms in Thai Binh Province,Vietnam

Reports of livestock infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E) are increasing. Based on interviews conducted over a 6-month period, we found that veterinarians in the Vietnamese province of Thai Binh prefer to prescribe colistin-based drugs (CBD) in chicken farms. We aimed to clarify whether CBD use selects for strains of colistin-resistant ESBL-E. With the cooperation of seven local households, we detected ESBL-E in chickens’ feces after treating chickens with CBD. Phylogenetic groupings and the presence of CTX-M/AmpC genes were determined, and the multi-antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was analyzed. Our results showed that ESBL-E presented in seven chickens’ feces from two households. Seventy-two percent of ESBL-E isolates harbored CTX-M9 and the phylogenetic group A; the colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all isolated ESBL-E ranged from 0.064 to 1 μg mL^?1. Moreover, ESBL-E isolates were used to experimentally select for colistin resistance, and the effect of commercial CBD on ESBL-E was investigated. The results showed that an ESBL-E strain with a colistin MIC of 4 μg mL^?1 was able to grow in media with CBD. Although CBD treatment was effective, in vitro experiments demonstrated that ESBL-E can easily acquire colistin resistance. Therefore, restrictions on colistin use are necessary to prevent the emergence of colistin-resistant bacteria.     

赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价评定

本文旨在通过对肉仔鸡生长性能、氮平衡和血浆尿素氮指标来比较赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价,以便为赖氨酸硫酸盐在肉鸡中的合理应用提供科学的理论依据。选用486只1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡评定赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价。鸡只预饲3d,第4天按体重随机分为9个处理,每个处理9个重复,每个重复6只鸡。分别通过赖氨酸硫酸盐或赖氨酸盐酸盐向玉米-玉米蛋白粉-花生粕-麦麸型基础日粮中添加0.09%、0.18%、0.27%和0.36%的赖氨酸。结果表明,4～21d赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的效价分别为:0.93(日增重)、0.86(饲料转化效率)和0.95(氮存留);22～42d赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的效价分别为:1.01(日增重)、1.36(饲料转化效率)和1.06(氮存留);对于生长全期,赖氨酸硫酸盐相对于赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价分别为:0.99(日增重)、1.07(饲料转化效率)和1.03(血浆尿素氮)。可见,由不同指标得到的赖氨酸硫酸盐相对赖氨酸盐酸盐的生物学效价不同,但总的平均相对效价为1.03。即两者对肉鸡的生物学效价相当。     

Intake and digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some West African browse species

Foliage of Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Khaya senegalensis, from 10 trees per species, was collected every two weeks during the late dry, rainy and cool season to determine the seasonal effects on chemical composition. Fifteen rams of the Djallonké breed, weighing on average 20.0 kg, were used to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of hay of A. gayanus, foliage of A. africana (as a sole feed), and A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis offered with 30% of the diet as A. gayanus hay. The crude protein (CP) content of A. africana, and P. erinaceus decreased significantly from the late dry season to the cool season when that of K. senegalensis tended to increase. The mean CP of A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis differed significantly (173 g, 139 g and 114 g/kg DM, respectively). The DM intake of A. africana offered with hay (571 g/d) or as a sole feed (598 g/d) were not significantly different, but was higher than that of P. erinaceus (428 g/d) and K. senegalensis (298 g/d). The digestibility calculated by difference of DM and CP of A. africana (582 g/kg DM and 795 g/kg CP, respectively) did not differ significantly from A. africana as a sole feed, but were higher than for the other species. The nutritive value of A. africana seems to justify the high preference of herders for this species.     

规模化屠宰场官方兽医及协检员的设置与职责

@@进入新世纪以来,伴随SARS、禽流感和猪链球菌病等疫情在全球范围内的传播,对世界各国人民的身体健康构成极大威胁。因此,国家逐步加大对动物疫病的防控,相继颁布了《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《动物检疫管理办法》等法律法规,使我国动物防疫和检疫工作走上了有法可依、有章可循的规范化、法制化轨道。屠宰检疫是动物检疫工作的重要组成部分,是保证人民群众食肉安全的重要手段。猪肉及猪产品是广大群众餐桌上不可或缺的食品,国家为保证生猪产品质量安全,保障人民身体健康对生猪屠宰实行定点屠宰、集中检疫,从而使重大疫病的发生和流行得到有效控制。