Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Interactions Within Turfgrass

Arthropod predators are abundant in turfgrass systems, and they play an important role in managing pests. Understanding the vertical distribution of predation is critical to developing cultural strategies that enhance and conserve predatory services. However, little is known on how the predation is vertically distributed within the turfgrass canopy. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of predation within the turfgrass canopy. Clay models were used to emulate the general appearance of Noctuidae caterpillars, to estimate the predatory activity. The choice and no-choice experiments were conducted by placing clay models at 2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 cm from the thatch surface and denoted as lower, intermediate, and upper levels, respectively, within turfgrass canopy. The predator-mediated impressions, paired mark, scratch, deep cut mark, deep distortion, prick, dent, stacked surface impression, scooped mark, granulation, and U-shaped mark, were identified on clay models. The incidence and severity of impressions were significantly greater on clay models placed at the lower canopy level than on those placed at the intermediate and upper canopy levels in the choice and no-choice experiments (P < 0.05). Thus, predators are more likely to find their prey at the soil level. This information can be used to refine management strategies, such as mowing height and insecticide use for effectively managing soil-borne and foliar-feeding arthropod pests and beneficial arthropods.     

基于利益相关者理论的灌溉水价改革研究

从利益相关者的角度探讨灌溉水价改革的相关问题,采用利益相关者理论,对灌溉水价改革的利益相关者进行了定义,分析了传统利益相关者的属性,对关键利益相关者进行了认定,研究了灌溉水价改革驱动下相关利益主体的互作关系及其演变规律,以此提出了灌溉水价改革的相关对策和建议.     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

盐单胞菌C6与耐盐有关DNA片段的克隆和序列分析

提取盐单胸菌（Ｈａｌｏｍｏｎａｓ）Ｃ６的总ＤＮＡ,用Ｓｑｕ３ＡⅠ部分酶切,回收１５－３０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,以ｐＬＡＦＲ３为载体在大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）ＤＨ５α中构了该菌的基因文库。以Ｃ６的基因文库为供体,以费氏中华根瘤菌（Ｓｉｎｏｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍ ｆｒｅｄｉｉ）盐敏感菌株ＲＣ３－３＇为受体,在辅助质凿ｐＲＫ２０１３的协助下进行三亲本杂交,在选择培养基上筛选到接合子ＲＷＨ１５和ＲＷＨ１７。质粒检     

黄鳝皮肤黏液抗菌肽的分离纯化及其部分特性研究

以黄鳝皮肤黏液为材料,通过Sephadex G-50凝胶层析和DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析,分离纯化了具有抗菌和镇痛活性的多肽MAS-Ⅳ-4,用Tricine-SDS-PAGE测得其分子量为10.4 kD,用显微熔点仪测得其熔点为208～211℃.用抑菌圈法测定其抑菌活性,结果表明,MAS-Ⅳ-4对嗜水气单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑菌效果.此外,每只注射0.75 ml以上的MAS-Ⅳ-4样品液能显著提高小白鼠的痛阈值.MAS-Ⅳ-4还具有微弱的溶血活性和丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制活性.     

2000-2016年陈巴尔虎旗植被覆盖度时空变化遥感动态监测

为研究我国典型农牧交错区长时序地表生态变化特征,以内蒙古自治区陈巴尔虎旗为例,基于2000—2016年MODIS NDVI数据,综合应用MVC、像元二分模型、一元线性回归模型、T检验等方法,对陈巴尔虎旗植被覆盖时空变化特征进行定性定量分析。结果表明：受气候、地形、人为因素等影响,陈巴尔虎旗地区植被覆盖度呈现东高西低的空间分布特征;17年该地区的植被覆盖整体呈波动下降趋势,平均植被覆盖度由2000年的58.81%减少到2016年的48.14%;植被覆盖度减少的区域占55.66%,主要分布在宝日锡勒镇、巴彦库仁镇、鄂温克民族苏木。研究成果为定量评估区域生态变化的累积效应提供了数据支撑。     

磷化氢熏蒸对桔小实蝇氧化代谢体系的影响研究

为阐明磷化氢的生化毒理机制,本试验以重要检疫性害虫桔小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel.)为试虫,研究了25℃下磷化氢熏蒸对桔小实蝇3龄幼虫的毒力以及磷化氢熏蒸不同时间对桔小实蝇3龄幼虫氧化代谢体系的影响。结果显示：（1）25℃条件下磷化氢熏蒸桔小实蝇3龄幼虫48 h的LD50、LD90、LD99分别为0.28、0.37、0.46 mg/L;（2）磷化氢熏蒸抑制了桔小实蝇的呼吸作用;（3）随熏蒸时间延长,桔小实蝇体内过氧化氢含量和脂质过氧化水平不断上升,氧化压力逐渐增加;（4）磷化氢抑制了过氧化氢酶活性,最大抑制率为55.99%,增强了过氧化物酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性及抑制羟自由基能力,最大提高率分别为141.48%、130.21%、155.90%。本研究确认了磷化氢熏蒸杀灭桔小实蝇的有效性,其作用机制可能是通过抑制过氧化氢酶活性进而加剧活性氧积累实现的。     

茶秆竹高生长模型的比较及组合选择

通过对 5种 S增长模型的比较及组合选择 ,结果表明 :S增长模型都具有单调性、渐近性和拐点 ,此特征能客观地反映诸多自然和经济规律 .通过一定的加权组合 ,用多个增长模型来反映 S变化过程 ,可以提高拟合的精度 ,多个模型的组合要优于单个模型 .用加权模型可以很好地反映茶秆竹的高生长过程 ,在实际生产中可选择 yp2 或 yp 3 组合     

基于农艺性状和ISSR标记的秀珍菇遗传多样性分析

【目的】分析评价秀珍菇菌株的农艺性状与遗传多样性,为秀珍菇种质资源分类鉴定、遗传育种等提供理论参考。【方法】通过ISSR分子标记技术对10个秀珍菇菌株进行PCR产物扩增电泳检测,以ISSR聚类图谱分析不同菌株间的亲缘关系;对各菌株开展品比试验,观测各菌株的菌丝生长、子实体农艺性状和产量等农艺性状,并对其进行综合分析。【结果】聚类分析结果表明,10个秀珍菇菌株遗传相似水平为0.47~0.92,在0.69水平上可分为4个类群;依据农艺性状的遗传多样性分析表明,各性状的遗传多样性指数变化幅度为0.496~1.828,变异系数为7.76%~25.21%,存在着丰富的遗传多样性。Pearson相关分析发现,秀珍菇菌株的产量与菌丝生长速度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01,下同）,而菌盖宽度与菌盖厚度、菌柄直径呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,菌盖厚度与菌柄直径呈极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,4个主成分的特征值均大于1,累积贡献率为84.891%,主成分为菌柄直径、菌盖厚度、产量、菌盖颜色和黄菇病,能较好地解释所有变量包含的全部遗传信息。【结论】依据菌株农艺性状与分子标记分析结果,台秀1号、秀珍菇12和中农秀珍菇菌株可作为品种选育的亲本使用,其中秀珍菇12和中农秀珍菇菌株各项农艺性状均表现较好,可在浙江地区进行推广栽培。