低功率密度超声波用于大豆油酯交换反应研究

研究了大豆油与甲醇的低功率密度超声波酯交换反应.在较低功率密度条件下,得到了性能指标符合要求的生物柴油.大豆油与甲醇的物质的量之比为1:6,氢氧化钾与大豆油的质量比为0.01:1,反应温度 30 ℃,根据反应规模的不同,超声波反应时间为20～60 min,由折光指数换算的反应转化率为 84.81 % 和 85.85 %.本研究最低超声波功率密度约为 0.032 W/cm3,远远低于传统的 0.5 W/cm3.     

今冬京城地区木材制品市场行情冷气袭人

京城地区木材业界针对目前木材制品供销情况越来越冷的现实,普遍认为今年的冬天将是京城地区木材市场近些年来最为难过的季节。     

Relationship between species richness and biomass on environmental gradient in natural forest communities on Mt. Xiaolongshan,northwest China

We analyzed the relationship between species richness and biomass in natural forest communities at two similar sites on Mt. Xiaolongshan, northwest China. At both sites, a wide range of tree layer biomass levels was available by local biomass estimation models. In order to identify underlying mechanism of the species richness-biomass relationship, we included different water resource levels and number of individuals in each plot in our analysis. We sampled 15 and 20 plots （20 m ×20 m）, respectively, at both two sites. These plots were sampled equally on the sunny slope and the shady slope. Species richness, number of individuals of each species and diameter at breast height （DBH） as a substitute of biomass of tree layer were recorded in each sample. At one site, the relationship between species richness and biomass was significant on the sunny slope, and this relationship disappeared on the shady slope due to more environmental factors. The relations between species richness and number of individuals and between number of individuals and biomass paralleled the species richness-biomass relation on both slopes. The difference in number of individuals-biomass relationships on the sunny slope and the shady slope revealed ＂interspecific competitive exclusion＂ even though the species richness-biomass relationships were not hump-shaped. At the other site, species richness was not related to biomass or to number of individuals. Our study demonstrated the importance of environmental stress and succession of community in the understanding of species diversity-productivity patterns.     

马尾松人工林近自然化改造不同阶段森林凋落物持水特性研究

笔者以湖北省团风县马尾松人工林近自然林经营过程中不同阶段森林凋落物数量及其持水量等水文特征进行了研究,结果表明:不同阶段林下凋落物的现存数量依次为:竞争选择阶段>恒续林阶段>质量形成阶段>建群阶段;不同阶段半分解层和未分解层的凋落物持水量依次为:建群阶段<质量形成阶段<竞争选择阶段<恒续林阶段。     

6种蔷薇的核形态学研究

蔷薇属植物染色体核型分析是其远缘杂交利用的细胞学基础.采用常规压片法对6个蔷薇原种根尖染色体制片中的预处理、解离、染色方法等进行了比较,并对其核形态学进行了研究.结果表明:根尖用0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉在18~20 ℃下处理4 h、5 N HCl室温下解离25~30 min、改良卡宝品红染色2 h以上效果较好,染色体数目及形态分别为:多花蔷薇 (Rosa multifloraThumb)为2n=2x=14=14m,粉团蔷薇(Rosa multifloravar catheyensis)为2n=3x=21=15m+6sm,金樱子(Rosa laevigataMichx)为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm,日本无刺蔷薇(Rosa multiflora var)为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm, 硕苞蔷薇(Rosa bracteataWendl)为2n=2x=14=14m, 香水月季[Rosa odorata (Andr.) Sweet]为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm.其中,粉团蔷薇的核型类别为2A型,日本无刺蔷薇为2B型,其他品种均为1A型.     

天然水杉林的群落分类及演替动态

水杉为我国一级保护的珍贵树种,具有重要的科研价值和应用价值。由于人类过度开发,天然水杉林生境退化严重,自然更新不良。笔者应用Braun-Blanquet的植被社会学研究方法对湖北利川钢厂湾、邓家湾、游家湾3处的天然水杉林进行群落学调查,结果表明:钢厂湾的水杉样地群落类型为水杉-尾叶山茶-日本金星蕨群落,共有植物种类约78种;邓家湾的水杉样地群落类型为水杉-桂竹-黄金凤群落,共有植物种类约81种;游家湾的水杉样地群落类型为水杉-微毛柃-大叶金腰群落,共有植物种类约58种。经过20a的演替,天然水杉林各层的盖度都逐渐增加。在种类组成上,乔木层阳性树种减少,灌木层和草本层种类组成变化不大。     

RGB图像分析法测定台风0613诱发的竹叶黄化和坏死(英文)

遭遇台风0613号袭击之后,日本山口市的许多乔木和灌木出现叶尖和叶缘甚至整叶黄化和坏死的症状。同一竹林林分中既有黄化叶片也有坏斑叶片。本文用非破坏、非接触的RGB图像分析法研究了这一现象。研究表明,室内拍摄的黄化竹单叶图像的G/R值与叶绿素计(SPAD)值之间呈紧密的正相关,平方回归相关系数0.961;与坏死斑面积率之间呈反逻辑斯蒂函数关系,平方回归相关系数0.958。用RGB图像分析法不仅可以估测叶片的黄化程度而且可也估测叶片的坏死斑面积。研究还发现,光线差异较大时拍摄的图片,相同叶片的G/L值的方差小于G/R值的方差值,尤其是绿色叶片。与G/R相比,黄化叶片的G/L值得到了与SPAD更紧密的相关性。室外拍摄的竹林冠分析表明,光线差别较大的图像G/L值与林分距海岸的距离的相关性也高于G/R值。     

基于核蛋白激酶基因内含子5序列研究雀形目18种鸟类分子系统发育关系(英文)

The 18 species of bird studied originally are known to belong to muscicapids, robins and sylviids of passerines, but some dis- putations are always present in their classification systems. In this experiment, phylogenetic relationships of 18 species of passerines were studied using Adenylate Kinase lntron 5 （AKS） sequences and DNA techniques. Through sequences analysis in comparison with each other, phylogenetic tree figures of 18 species of passerines were constructed using Neighbor-Joining （N J） and Maximum-Parsimony （MP） meth- ods . The results showed that sylviids should be listed as an independent family, while robins and flycatchers should be listed into Musci- capidae. Since the phylogenetic relationships between long-tailed tits and old world warblers are closer than that between long-tailed tits and parids, the long-tailed tits should be independent of paridae and be categorized into aegithalidae. Muscicapidae and Paridae are known to be two monophylitic families, but Sylviidae is not a monophyletic group. AK5 sequences had better efficacy in resolving close relationships of interspecies among intrageneric groups.     

Ecological and economical significance of homestead forest to the household of the offshore island in Bangladesh

An explanatory survey was conducted to assess the contribution of plant diversity to the ecological and socio-economic condition of the rural household in the offshore island of Bangladesh.Assessment was done by means of multistage random sampling.The homestead sizes of the study area were classified into 3 groups viz,large (>0.25 ha),medium (0.05-0.25 ha) and small (<0.05 ha) based on the result obtained from a preliminary survey,and a total of 45 homesteads,15 from each group,were selected randomly for the study.The average annual income from homestead's plant diversity varied from Tk 5730.00 (US$95.5) to Tk 17500.00 (US$291.67).The rural people were mainly dependent on their homegarden for woodfuel and nutritional requirement as forest was unavailable in the island.The rural people here also cultivated the plant species as a safety measure from frequent cyclone.Constraints hindering the development of homestead plantation were identified and suggestions were given such as the adequate supply of seedlings of fast growing native species and conservation of endangered species to meet the demand of the household as well as to keep ecological balance.     

河道生态修复的前沿领域

在广泛查阅国内外河道生态修复与功能重建相关资料的基础上,对生态河道的特征与前沿领域进行了总结与分析,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了河道生态修复的努力方向。